Successful and unsuccessful organizations

The success rate of a business organization is determined by the level of satisfaction it has being able and is still capable of rendering to those who patronize its services or products. It also9 depend on the level of trust the clients or buyers have for the service or product from the organization. This will form the bases whether they will continue to patronize the organization. The quality services and product has always being the reckoning force for successful business organizations.Thus, most successful business organizations have adopted the Total Quality Management (TQM) as a tool for the expansion of their success rate and also curving an edge for themselves over their counterparts in contemporary business world. Total quality is about bringing about a fundamental culture change within an organization. The foundation of the new culture has to be faith- that there is a better way of doing things, and that we are really fully committed to it.According to KPMG (2005), â€Å"T otal quality means adopting a customer- oriented business strategy. † This write- up tends to be base on Hilton International as a case stu7dy. Here, the organization operations in the past, present will be studied to see whether it will be successful or not in the next five years to come. HILTON INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION Hilton International organization is a name to be reckoned with when it comes to hostel industry world over.It has spread its tentacles to developing programmes such as esprit and Hilton University used in training its manpower. The organization is a Multi- International Corporation. Hilton International (HI) owns the right to the Hilton brand name throughout the world, with the exception of the USA, where the Hilton brand is owned and managed by Hilton Hotels Corporation (HHC). The Hilton International operates 403 hotels, with some 261 branded Hilton and 142 under the mid- market Scandic brand.The Hilton International and the North American Hilton Hotel Co rporation has a global alliance which extends the number of hotels operated by both companies worldwide to over 2,700- over 500 of which are branded Hilton. Also, both organizations share responsibility for the Conrad brand which includes 17 hotels in 12 countries (national business awards, 2005). Hilton International started its operation in hotel business in postwar cities, with its modest services of offering a clean environment, air- conditioned respite and a cheeseburger.The Hilton hotels were designed for political impact during this time. The hotels were seen as â€Å"little America†, where businessmen and tourists in Europe and the Middle East could retreat from the disturbingly alien into the comfortable services provided by the Hilton hotels. These same features lent the Hilton a utopian aura, for the economically exhausted local population where a space of luxury and promise which realized permanently and prominently, the new and powerful presence of the United Sta tes (Wharton, 2001)The Hilton International built 16 luxury hotels abroad between 1953 and 1966. â€Å"All were planned according to the Hilton programme and styled as ‘corporate modern’- the same form that distinguished the American embassies and consulates proliferating in the period† (ibid). The Hilton was the first significant modern structure, introducing a striking visual contrast to the vernacular fabrics of places such as Istanbul, Cairo, Athens and Jerusalem. The new architecture impact was amplified by the hotel’s unprecedented siting and scale.As already stated, the ideological base of the creation of Hilton International was not only for profit maximization, but also for political considerations. According to Conrad Hilton, â€Å"Hilton International Hotels were constructed not only to earn Hilton shareholders a profit, but also to make a political impact on host countries; an integral part of my dream was to show the countries most exposed to communism the other side of the coin†¦. the fruits of the free world† (ibid). Hence, the American government had assisted the corporation in no small measure in expanding its base internationally.The capital for the construction of the earlier Hiltons was commonly provided not by the corporation itself, but by institutions in the host countries, with occasional subsidies from the American Economic Co-operation Administration with the support of the US Department of state. Hilton envisioned a global peace where universal capitalism reign. The consistent modernity of the original Hiltons has made it lost its authority and bears no utopian meaning. This has to do with the remodeling of Hilton International in order to make it remain fashionable.THE ORGANIZATION’S STRATEGY AND PRESENT STANDING. The Hilton international is recognized presently as the world best known hotel. It triumphed at the prestigious UK National Business Awards for a second year by winning the cov eted ‘Broad-system Customer Focus Award 2005’. Previous year the organization won the Best Marketing Strategy Award. (National business awards, 2005). The Hilton International has operated a business strategy that makes its customers to have the best quality of service. The organization embrace a creative marketing agency, campaign works.This has supported Hilton’s new brand strategy. The strategy first embraced industry and customer research. Innovation Hubs were set up to turn lifestyle analysis and research into a contemporary hotel experience and conventional thinking was challenged which contributed to the creation of the new customer brand promise. The next phase saw the development of innovative internal and external marketi9ng tools that communicated and delivered the brand strategy throughout the organization and to the customer.The embraced strategy of Hilton International has led to its outstanding success with significant commercial returns. Hilton is now the number one hotel brand in every global market with higher guest satisfaction, improved team member satisfaction and increased financial perfo4rmance (ibid). The Hilton International is expanding its manpower knowledge through its Hilton University. Currently, there are 8000 team members, team leaders, departmental managers and general managers in 70 countries in the Hilton University.The university is recognized as a world standard for management development in the hospitality industry. It has a primary focus of a web- based delivery of core management and skill development with the goal of maintaining world-class customer service throughout the Hilton International organization. The Hilton International sees it as a challenge to increase and broaden the reach of the university to serve even more emp0loyees worldwide, to increase the sophistication of learning activities it offers and to more directly link learning and skills development with the company’s business r esults.The Sum Total learner management system is aimed at developing more in-depth, blended learning programs, incorporating employee competencies by job role and function, and aligning them with specific content and business goals. (elearnity. com, 2004) According to John Guthrie, head of International management development at Hilton International, ‘what sets Hilton apart is the immense pride we take in the standards of service we deliver to all our guests. Sum-Total will help us measure the effectiveness of certain training programs- for example in e-commerce and reservations – in increasing customer satisfaction†(ibid)In year 2000, Hilton International unveiled a plan to double the speed at which it opens hotels around the world. The shares of the organization enjoyed a massive 40 per cent rise since Hilton announced plans to expand Ladbrokes, into internet betting. The online betting becomes interesting to investors, even though its hotel business accounts f or more than two thirds of the group’s profits. (Lindsay City, 2000) The present crave for internet betting has made the organization take its turn in partaking in the business.Turnover of the Hilton in 2000 slipped to 4. 23 billion pounds from 4. 68 billion pounds, mostly as a result of selling off the Corals betting shop chain. The hotel division, bolstered by Stakis, saw profits rise from 181 million pounds to 264 million pounds. In year 2003, the Hilton International sees the increase in its revenue. Hilton reported a pretax profit before exceptional and goodwill for the first half, of 110. 5 million pounds, down from 130 million pounds the previous year.Hilton plans to open 17 new hotels in 2003, with most of them incorporating either management contracts or franchises, and will continue to open around 20 each year going forward. HILTON INTERNATIONAL POTENTIELS FOR SUCCESS OVER THE NEXT FIVE YEARS. The historical and present operations of the Hilton International have sh own that the organization strategy is a strong base for its success in years to come. Total Quality Management as a management tool is used by the organization to continue to win its customers’ patronage.The strategy sees that customers are given the best standard quality of services. This business strategy has made the Hilton International to win the UK National Business awards for 2004 and 2005. The Hilton Business strategy, as discussed earlier on, has a creative marketing agency, campaign works which help in supporting industry and customer research, innovative internal and external marketing tools that communicate and delivers brand strategy throughout the organization and to the customer. This is in practice in the organization.Also, the divers and expanding business operations of the Hilton International would make the organization to continue to succeed. Even, if one or more business unit of the Multi Corporation experiences a d own ebbs in its operational level, othe r chains and units that is successful would keep the organization going. As already discussed the Hilton International operates a university where its manpower are trained and equipped with the professional skill in delivering standard services to its customers.In this instance, the practice of Strategic Human Resource Management is put in place, where the workforce of the organization are integrated into the strategic operation of the corporation, in order to attain the organization’s objectives and long term goals. This practice tends to bring the achievement of best results, and thereby making the Hilton International organization to succeed over the next five years to come and more.

Bad Credit Can Hurt Your Job Seekers

Monica Cotallat, Hudson Community College Professor Sakina Laksimi-Morrow English 102 March 17, 2013 BAD CREDIT CAN HURT JOB SEEKERS I am a student majoring in Graphic/Web Design. This is my 4th semester at Hudson Community College. A large number of employers use credit checks to make employee selections. A study made by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) in 2010 reported that 47 percent of respondents only use credit background checks for job applicants in certain types of positions, for example, positions with fiduciary and financial responsibilities (SHRM, 2010).Thirteen percent of those surveyed conducted credit checks on all candidates while 40 percent in the SHRM study reported that they did not utilize credit checks on any job candidates (SHRM, 2010). Almost half of employers are running credit checks. What are they looking for? Is it an invasion of privacy? Is it fair? What can be done about? Are people with a blemished financial past scarred for life? The purp ose of my paper is to understand why this is happening, examine its reasons and what one can do to help themselves in a competitive work force.There is an array of tools employers use to examine and decide on job applicants and employee job promotions. Typically they will contact references, verify educational and/or professional history, request a criminal history report and in certain situations obtain an individual’s credit history. For some this can create a barrier in the search for employment. A study made by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) in 2010 reported that 47 percent of respondents only use credit background checks for job applicants in certain types of positions, for example, positions with fiduciary and financial responsibilities (SHRM, 2010).Thirteen percent of those surveyed conducted credit checks on all candidates while 40 percent in the SHRM study reported that they did not utilize credit checks on any job candidates (SHRM, 2010). This show ing almost half of employers are using credit checks on job applicants which economic downturn has made it harder for some people to get a job due to bad credit. It’s a catch 22. You need a job to pay your debit down but because of your bad credit you can’t land a job. There is also the question of invasion of privacy.Many job applicants have concerns with employers asking questions or requesting an explanation on why they are behind on their bills. Whether tarnished credit is due to medical bills or a messy divorce is it really necessary to explain personal matters to an employer? Is this a violation of rights? From my readings it appears NOT to being a violation. Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), employers are allowed to obtain and use employee’s credit report. However there are guidelines for requesting this information.An employer must inform the applicant about checking into their background and the applicant must sign giving permission to the emp loyer to access the credit/background check. One has the right to refuse such a background check but most likely a spot for candidacy will go out the window. Employers use it as a measure of character. Poor credit history may cause a potential boss to question your dependability, decision making skills, constancy and follow through abilities. Also presumably this helps employers prevent theft or embezzlement for fear of lawsuits.However, there is no concrete evidence connecting people’s credit histories to their on the job performance or productivity. In 2010, Eric Rosenberg, director of state government relations for Trans Union, one of the country’s largest reporting companies told Oregon legislators â€Å"At this point we don’t have any research to show any statistical correlation between what’s in somebody’s credit report and their job performance or their likelihood to commit fraud. † Oregon since then is one of 7 states who had passed a bill prohibiting/limiting the use of credit histories in job screening with certain exceptions.Other states who share this law are: Washington, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, California and Maryland. But some of the laws still need reinforcement and exemptions slimmed. For example Illinois allows employers to continue to do credit checks on managers and minor retails workers. Sixteen other states are considering legislation to limit employer use of credit checks: Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Vermont, Wisconsin and District of Columbia.While these states propose limiting the use of credit check none of the statutes imposes an out right ban. Besides the question of violation rights there is also the question of discrimination. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission says, â€Å"Employer credit checks are legal, but can be discriminatory if they disproportionately exclude minorities, women or people older than 40 and are not essential to a hiring decision. A 2007 report conducted by the Federal Reserve Board found out that African-American and Hispanics had considerably lower credit scores than non-Hispanics whites. The last 10 years attractive lending schemes zeroed in on communities of color who lacked in wealth and assets. During the housing boom, minority borrowers were lured into subprime (high interest) loans when in reality they qualified for prime loans. In result after the crash, African Americans, Latinos and Asian-Americans lost half of their family wealth. Employment credit checks are hitting these families hard.This is why organizations like the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights, National Council of La Raza and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) have publicly opposed the use of employment credit checks. Another factor is age discrimination. Perhaps an elderly person carries poor credit due to medical bills. As I mentioned earlier, it can be an invasion of privacy by feeling obligated to explain reasons for unpaid bills but to explain bills due to health issues can make the job seeker uncomfortable discussing personal medical histories.This brings fear of losing a job opportunity to a younger, healthier credit worthy applicant. Contrary to Americas strong belief in a right to privacy of their medical histories and an amended act in 2003 to the Fair Credit Reporting Act that requires medical debt to be masked on credit reports and the Americans with Disability Act, which prohibits employers from inquiring about medical history prior to making a job offer. Courts have recognized the discriminatory impact of employment credit screening.The Department of Labor won a verdict against Bank of America stemming in part from the bank’s use of credit checks to hire entry-level employees, which had a discriminatory impact on African-Americans. The country’s challenges with con stant layoffs and mortgage foreclosures leave many Americans struggling with maintaining healthy credit. As of April 2010, one-quarter of U. S. consumers, nearly 43. 4 million people, had poor credit. These people should not be omitted from the chance of recovery. Laws need to be tightened and screening should only be applied depending on the nature of the job.Even if hired with a less than desirable or acceptable credit post-employment credit checks can be used to facilitate promotions and transfers. If one has signed the credit consent document when started employment, the employer does not need your signature again. As per the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), if an employer denies you employment or promotion due to credit they must give you a copy of the report used to determine your worthiness and a document called A Summary of Your Rights Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act before taking adverse action.Of course for companies to be forth coming is different story. They can easil y say they opted for a different more qualified candidate. Nevertheless, I have listed below steps and tips to help with the job application and interview process. Until those states without credit screening laws pass a bill to protect job seekers we must learn to deal with the issue and voice our rights. †¢ Request your report from the three reporting agencies: Experian, TransUnion and Equifax. You may request a free annual credit report by visiting www. nnualcreditreport. com or you may call 1-877-322-8228. Review your credit report to ensure its error free. Dispute any errors if found. It takes seven years to remove negative credit off your report but to improve a credit score the sooner you start improvement immediately shows. This is a good way to sell your self to employers as you can promote yourself as one who is aware of mistake and imperfection but you have taken steps to rectify and reestablish yourself. †¢ Do not be afraid to confess immediately.Not as quickly as stating it in your cover letter but when meeting face to face. This may eliminate you from consideration but in early process the company is still looking for reasons to eliminate candidates. Better to be forthcoming in the front to avoid 5 interviews down the road and having to hit that credit history bump. †¢ If you avoid mentioning early regarding your credit usually one knows the final stages of the interviewing process. At this point inform them about your credit. Most people do not like surprises especially companies ready to make an offer.This will add value and removes the surprise. †¢ Also how you address it influences how the information will be received. The bigger the deal you make of it, the more attention they’ll give it. Share the information with a smile and positive outlook off-handedly. You are communicating that it’s no big deal. May use this approach for example â€Å"I wanted to let you know that during my time unemployed I was juggli ng my bills and ruined my credit. Since you will be running a credit check I wanted to alert you. Will my temporary bad credit be an issue? In short words you have given them the â€Å"why† which would have put them on edge and eased them with the problem being â€Å"temporary†. In my opinion if credit screenings for employment is a must then only allow looking partial history. Perhaps just for the last 12 months. Companies should only be allowed to view history once at the hiring point and not during the life of the employed at the company. If a position is rejected to a candidate for credit reasons the company must be required to confess this to the unemployed.This gives the job seeker awareness to the issue. Fraud happens often in many institutions. Just because one hold bad credit does not make them a poor employee. In turn they maybe a superior employee as they need and value their job which helps pay their debit. Chris Ball, operations manager for the Jackson, Mi ss. , branch of Express Employment Professionals said â€Å"he understands that hiring managers who use credit scores are trying to protect their companies from people who might be desperate and turn to embezzlement or theft to cover their bills. But he also says he’s not sure that using credit reports is all that useful: â€Å"In this day and age, it’s hard to find anyone with perfect credit† I completely agree with the above statement. We have done just fine with regular criminal background checks. I do not find the need to also use credit screening with the exception of finical institutions. I ask the question â€Å"Did Bernie Madoff have bad credit? Surely not but was he not responsible for the largest financial fraud in U. S. history? Did someone run a credit background check on him? † I am sure NASDAQ did but did this prevent embezzlement?

Cafeteria Food Essay Example for Free (#2)

Cafeteria Food Essay Some people think that school cafeterias should be required to provide low-fat and/or vegetarian lunch options to accommodate the government’s nutritional guidelines, but all students do not eat the same. In my essay about cafeteria food, I will explain what students want in their food. I will also share the likes and dislikes in the food and what we can do to improve it. Cold pizza, undercooked hamburgers and brown lettuce sounds nasty. Many students from different states and districts have to deal with that every day at their schools. The food from the cafeterias used to be good, with a sweet flavor, but in the last few years the food had taken a different flavor, a flavor that cannot be tolerated by the students. The students need a better quality in their food, don’t they? It’s time for a change, a change to food, so students can be satisfied while their eating, a change to food that can be really worth it. As a matter of fact, we students pay money to the district every year and this is what we get? It’s time for a change. Everybody knows that eating healthy was from the past. However, now students and not necessarily just students eat fast food like McDonalds or Taco Bell. Now everybody does, which can be a good and a bad thing. The changes of the food’s taste has made many students to not eat at school, or even made students to bring lunch, and this as a matter of fact causes the school to lose money. In all actuality is the loss of money causing the school to give students poorly made food? If the schools would serve students food from places like Pizza Hut and Subway I can guarantee that most or all students would eat at the cafeterias and it would benefit to both school and students. These types of foods would be so great to have in schools, but unfortunately the district and the governments have taken action and unfairly, they have set down laws that prohibit these foods in the schools. They have settled these laws because they want us as students to eat healthy, but if they want to keep us healthy, why are they giving us food with a bad and nasty taste? Also, with these laws they keep students like me away from eating too much â€Å"junk† food because they can cause obesity. But do they keep on giving us food that is not even worth the amount of money our parents give to the government every year? If they were the ones who eat all of the nasty food given by the cafeteria they would of get tired of eating cold pizza and uncooked hamburgers with brown lettuce just like we the students do. In conclusion, we all understand what the government and the school system is trying to do with this healthy eating program. They want to promote healthy eating habits in an effort to prevent obesity. Although nutrition is important, students feel that there is a better way to have healthy food without ruining the taste. Therefore, in an effort to keep students healthy and leave with their stomachs satisfied we should all come together to realize that we are the ones that have to make it through the school day with the food. Cafeteria Food. (2017, Mar 21).

NSA and the 4TH Amendment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NSA and the 4TH Amendment - Assignment Example An example of politics not impacting the choice one makes is the fact that the Democrats did nothing to take away the government’s assumed power of warrantless surveillance when they gained control of the White House and the Senate. Warrantless Surveillance will continue to be a mode of operation by the Federal Government. Things will continue to go pretty much as they have since 2001. There will continue to be court cases which will challenge the right of the government to engage in what some would call an illegal operation. It is hard to challenge the right of the government to engage in what some would call an illegal operation. It is hard to argue against the security of our nation as being a reason for gathering certain information and tapping foreign phone calls. When looking at utopia, our country would not need to gather this information because everyone would be doing what is expected of them and not out to harm their neighbor. The government would function as an arm of the people, providing for the common good of all Americans. The court system would be engaged in the enforcement of our laws and not arguing about what is constitutional or unconstitutional. A sad thing that would happen with the disappearance of warrantless surveillance, people would lose their job. The news shows on television would have to find something else to discuss and Senators Kerry and McCain would begin addressing more pressing

Wind Turbines for Power Generation Research Paper

Wind Turbines for Power Generation - Research Paper Example For instance, there are activities that can be applied in setting up these structures, which include manufacturing of materials and transportation of these components to the sites. Furthermore, CO2 omissions occur in the process of turbines construction and other supporting infrastructure, maintenances and decommissioning of the site (Kubiszewski, Clevelan & Endres, 2010, 286). However, this is one of disadvantages associated with wind turbine for power generation; thus, there will be other disadvantages discussed in this paper. Opponents of wind power generation whether onshore or offshore claim that there increased requirements of construction and operation, which does not put into consideration other types of power generation (Firestone & Kempton, 2007, 1584). Therefore, there is need to considered requirement of installation energy in order to assess the suitability of wind power generation based on its cost-effectiveness in the process of developing it as a source of energy. In this case, the cost incurred in the process of setting up the infrastructures need for site installations is not comparable to the anticipated energy generation during the lifespan of these structures. On other hand, the time consumed to install and generate energy is long; hence it results to increased costs in manufacturing and construction of these infrastructures due reduced payback period (Blanco, 2009, 1372). In addition, there have been significant increases of costs in generating wind power for the last three years due to increased demand and high prices of raw materials. Setting up an offshore wind power generation site requires increased amount of capital cost due to the operations and management costs involved; in fact, they are twice the costs incurred in setting onshore sites (Firestone & Kempton, 2007, 1585). In this case, offshore sites involve increased costs incurred in the process of laying foundation, setting submarine transmission cables and installation faciliti es. Moreover, there are difficulties experienced in dealing adverse sea condition in the process of setting up an offshore site for wind power generation (Green & Vasilakos, 2011, 496). Apparently, this high capital cost requires the government to incur significant const in the process of financing this developing industry. Besides, this requires additional capital to integrate the operations of the plant with technology, thereby decreasing the economies of scale. There is a degree of uncertainty involved in generation of power using wind; hence, this increases problems caused by wind unavailability. In fact, this has created significant challenges, which are faced by transmission operators compare to traditional way of generating power (Strbac, Shakoor, Black, Pudjianto & Bopp, 2007, 1214). Furthermore, there are not chances of predicting and integrating wind availability with the national grid. However, these challenges are deal by incurring financial costs, though there are other disadvantages associated with underestimation of resilience offered by distribution of wind; thus resulting to under applied resources. There are other limitations associated with use of wind turbines for power generation, whereby it involves resources that are not available without uninterrupted supply, hence, it is irregular. In this case, this limitation is considered a critical factor bearing in mind that dealing with power generation output should be balanced with demand; in fact, this is due the fact that electricity for major energy supply cannot be stored efficiently. For instance, output is decreased by lowering the

Managing operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing operations - Essay Example The notion includes the process of delivering the services to the customers with the products. With the changing time the aspects covered are increasing, the process now also includes R&D, value creation, marketing management, sales activities, accounting and finance. Most of the physical assets remain unchanged. These include buildings, land, manufacturing plants, warehouses etc. Planning, operating and controlling are the important constituents of transformation process. The improvement in the system is also an important aim of the model. Outputs consist of products and services and may even be information, such as that provided by a consulting organisation. (Koontz and Weihrich, 1994; p 633, 634) Time network analysis is a logical extension of the famous Gantt chart. Often referred to as the program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) an in its essentials as the Critical Path Method (CPM), this technique of planning and control has wide potential use in many applications. But PERT and its various refinements, like PERT/COST, have considerable potential for use in many aspects of planning and controlling operations. (Koontz and Weihrich, 1994; p.648) A product can be improved and its cost lowered through value engineering, which consists of analysing the operations of the product or service, estimating the value of each operation, and attempting to improve that operation by trying to keep costs low at each step or part. The following specific steps are suggested: Work methods can be improved through work simplification, which is the process of obtaining the participation of workers in simplifying their work. Training sessions are conducted to teach concepts and principles of techniques such as time and motion studies, workflow analyses, and the layout of the work situation. (Koontz and Weihrich, 1994; p.648) A quality control circle, or simply quality circle (QC); is a group of people from the same organisational area who meet regularly

History 495 Jewish Humor in History topic Writer, Director, and Research Paper

History 495 Jewish Humor in History topic Writer, Director, and Comedian Woody Allen - Research Paper Example This paper is centered on Woody Allen’s works’ Jewishness aspect. The aim is to point at Allen’s Jewish background on his work. Additionally the paper examines Woody Allen’s characters’ link to Jewishness. One of the widely known artists of the twentieth century is Allen. He is a renowned Director, Script writer, appreciated playwright, short story writer and acelebrated clarinet player. All of his works are characteristic of his endeavors and his style can easily be identified in the context of his earlier childhood belief in Jewish religion and culture. Some of his work in literature and film are characteristic with bringing about humor and can easily be told apart from that of other artists for the reason that his characters highlight on love, belief in God, eccentricism, art significance of life and death. This fact is deeply rooted in him even though he tries to suppress it through atheist conducts. These characteristics of Allen in his work have been able to draw noteworthy recognition and attention from personalities who form his audience. Attributes from his work, plot, influences and modus operandi in concert with his comical side all depict in a way his Jewish faith upbringi ng. Many of the studies carried out on the film and literary work of Allen have all touched on all aspects of interest except the short stories which are on the other hand briefly mentioned1. The short stories however form an important part of Allen’s work and should not be set aside in research. Allen’s short stories range from philosophical, historiography, surreal, journalistic amongst others2. Even though these short story pieces cover a number of subjects, they all have shared themes which gyrate around life and the events of life, realization of death, religious conviction, love, ethics, and reflections of a man. In a scene from Annie Hall, alad is to be found with his mother in

Power & Privilege - Gender & Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Power & Privilege - Gender & Sexuality - Essay Example I found it most interesting that he linked his perception of women’s place in society, as well as the social convention of the day, with the law. To quote, â€Å"[t]he paramount destiny and mission of woman are to fulfill the noble and benign offices of wife and mother. This is the law of the Creator. And the rules of civil society [83 U.S. 130, 142] must be adapted to the general constitution of things...† (Bradwell 135). A more egregious circumstance of exercising power and privilege over a disfavored class of persons would be hard to imagine. Here, since the laws of God and the conventions of society required women as a class to stay at home and be â€Å"timid and frail,† the laws of the courts must follow along and prevent a woman from being a lawyer. Men should, and many men do, support gender equality because it fulfills the humanity of us all. The fact that through the course of civilization men have dominated women and established power structures that favor themselves notwithstanding, there is a shared benefit between men and women when men perceive women as peers to be respected and not as subordinates to be protected. This ethic is slowly-but-surely emerging in society. The key benefit to men who embrace gender equality is the fact that all relationships; family, work, or recreational, become partnerships where the benefits of both gender perspectives can be appreciated and employed. When men respect women as equals, and validate their input into solving a problem or engaging in a behavior, the resulting cooperation makes solutions more workable and lends the strength of partnership. It is for this reason that all people should be valued equally and embraced because of their differences rather than in spite of them.

Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment for Evidence-base Research Paper

Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment for Evidence-base Practice - Research Paper Example Interestingly the scored rated from mid-range to high. Such scores are important in implementations aimed at integrating clinical inquiry into initiatives aimed at achieving organizational efficiency. It is important to mention that clinical inquiry requires sequential and sophisticated approach and hence the findings of the study are critical to successful implementation. Physician commitments to EBP score and the extent to which a critical mass of nurses with strong EPB and skills scored were relatively high. This does not fall short of expectations given that physicians receive more specialized training and the same can be said about nurses with strong EBP and skills. On the other hand, administration commitment to EBP, although indirectly impacts on EBP and hence, organizational culture and efficiency is crucial to successful implementation (White, 2010). The score recorded is relatively high although not maximal. This can be attributed to training as well as adequate commitment towards implementation of the same. Similarly, nursing staff commitment to EBP and the extent to which staff nurses staff nurses bear proficiency in computer skills scored relatively low at 3. This can mainly be linked to nurse’s attitude towards implementation of the same as well as their disinterest in gaining computer skills (Wright, Brown, & Slowman, 1996). Training therefore tops list of approaches that can help in incorporation of clinical inquiry into day to day operations. Additionally, day to day conferences can help keep the staff at par with changes in medical

CRJS420 U1IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRJS420 U1IP - Research Paper Example To his biggest surprise, my uncle found out that the driver of the vehicle was none other than his beloved father. For a moment he stood there dumbfounded as he contemplated what to do. This clearly is a situation that requires a lot of sobriety, honesty, integrity and morality while handling it. It is such a big dilemma and after my uncle narrated it to me I took myself in his boots. Going by the facts as they stood, I would have not hesitated to arrest my father. It is evidently clear in our legal justice system that a drunk driver is a threat not only to himself/herself but also to other road users. In addition to that, the oath of duty taken by police officers clearly stipulates service to all, and that a police officer should always act with courtesy, honesty as well as with regard for the welfare of other people. Clearly his father was on the wrong side of the law and needed to be apprehended, for the sake of justice. Some of the positive consequences of this decision would be maintenance of safety for other road users, prevention of potential deaths through road accidents and upholding of my morals as well as oath of office as a police office. Creation of bad blood between my father and I would be one of the negative consequences for my action of apprehending him. Based on my decision, the ethical theory that best describes this approach is deontology which basically argues that individuals ought to stick to their duties and obligations while doing an analysis touching on ethical dilemma. This basically implies that an individual will pursue his/her commitments to another person or society since upholding one’s obligation is what is regarded as being ethically correct. A deontologist will, for instance, always maintain the law (Douglas, 2014). Ethics mostly involves principles that are used to determine what behaviors are good, proper as well

Kazakhstans Rough Road to Wto Accession Essay Example for Free

Kazakhstans Rough Road to Wto Accession Essay But talks with the WTO chief revealed a number of hurdles blocking Kazakhstans entrance into the WTO, particularly agricultural reform (Kazakhstanskaya pravda, August 27). Over the last decade the government has taken steps to increase agricultural efficiency through land privatization and financial support for farmers. But these half-hearted measures have failed to produce radical changes. Most small farmers and individual households cannot secure bank credits due to high interest rates. Without credit, it is difficult to increase production. Speaking one month ago in Petropavlovsk, North Kazakhstan, an expert from Kazakhstans Ministry of Agriculture, Akzhol Abdukalimov, noted that the country lags at least three years behind Russia in terms of processing its agricultural yield. He added that only 19 of Kazakhstans more than 600 agricultural processing enterprises were planning to introduce ISO international quality standards. Inefficient processing facilities and high production costs are among the main factors that make Kazakh agricultural produce uncompetitive even in domestic markets. Abdukalimov admitted that Kazakhstan still imports 88% of its condensed milk, 70% of its cooking oil, and 30% of its sausages. Last year only 16% of the meat and 13% of the milk produced in Kazakhstan were processed. The poor state of agricultural production minimizes the overall effect of the much-trumpeted positive economic performance. The national Statistical Agency registered 9. 1% GDP growth in the first half of this year. But the growth in agricultural sector was a paltry 5. 2%, compared to a 9. % increase in industrial output and 12% growth in transport and communications. Not surprisingly, these apparent statistical gains are actively used for propaganda purposes. Recently Prime Minister Danial Akhmetov boasted that the high economic achievements recorded in Kazakhstan for five consecutive years were characteristic of the states that hold leading positions in the world. Many analysts are more cautious in forecasting the pace of the economy in coming years. They attribute the steady GDP growth to rising oil prices in the world market over last five years. Other trends are cause for alarm. The production of goods in Kazakhstan makes up only 41% of the economy, whereas the service sector holds 53. 5%. In reality, the annual GDP growth rate is much slower in Kazakhstan than in neighboring Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, where the economy is beginning to outpace the performance of Kazakhstan (Epoha, August 20). The complex relations among the Central Asian states help explain the political value Astana sees in gaining WTO membership. Kazakhstan, praised by Washington as a leading market economy in Central Asia, had its pride wounded when Kyrgyzstan became the first in the region to join the World Trade Organization. While Russia and Kazakhstan have declared their intention to synchronize WTO accession efforts within the Eurasian Economic Community, little substantive work has been done. Dozens of interstate and intergovernmental agreements aimed at regulating railway tariffs and removing customs barriers remain largely unimplemented. Nevertheless, on August 24 Prime Minister Akhmetov, in talks with CIS executive committee chairman Vladimir Rushailo, resurrected the subject of integration within the CIS and coordinated entry into WTO. Yet the Prime Ministers optimism contrasts with reality. Many regional managers are from the older generation and offer stiff resistance to the introduction of ISO standards. They favor closer ties with Russia and harbor suspicion of international institutions like the WTO. The most widespread fear is that, if Kazakhstan becomes the member of the WTO, foreign goods will flood domestic markets, driving local industries to ruin. However, there is a growing recognition that Kazakhstan needs WTO membership. Although no date has been set for Kazakhstans WTO accession, it is becoming clear that the country will join this organization. Earlier this year, the government launched an industrial innovation program to stimulate the introduction of high-tech methods into the production process.

Research Paper on Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Research Paper on Fast Food Essay 1. 1 INTRODUCTION Fast food is generally food or a meal which is pre-prepared, or which can be quickly cooked when you order it. You can buy fast food almost anywhere. Although fast food trend is quite new in Pakistan yet it is growing very fast, this indicate that such type of fast food restaurant have a very bright future in Pakistan . The two major fast food restaurants that have their outlets in the whole world, are giving tough competition to each other in Pakistan. Our research is based on the hypothesis that why people in Pakistan prefer KFC over Macdonald and we found that due to good quality and taste of food people prefer KFC . When KFC was introduced in Pakistan the prices was not affordable by people but now they have lower their prices. One reason was also the impressive packages due to which people prefer KFC over McDonald’s. While conducting our research we also came to know that KFC is more advertised this is one of the reasons that people prefer KFC over McDonald’s. We are going to discuss all of this in our research. 1. 2 HYPOTHESIS KFC is a spot light and McDonald’s is a side show. 1. 3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The trend of fast food is increasing day by day in Pakistan, this research is designed to generate knowledge about fast food restaurant in Pakistan, and hence this research is based upon two leading fast food brands in Pakistan. The main objective is to know that which brand is popular among majority. Which among the two brands is of higher quality. Which brand is more economical . Hence in general we conducted this research because we wanted to know that which brand is preferred and what is the reason behind it. 1. 4 SAMPLING In sampling plan we draw sample, sample is basically a segment of the population selected for research to represent the population as a whole. In our research we targeted people from 18 to 30 . So we approached people who visit KFC and McDonald’s . Our sample size is 40 from the whole population . Our research instrument for collecting primary data is Questionnaire in which we ask twenty questions, all are close ended for accessing people’s preference. 1. 5 METHODOLOGY The empirical analysis of the â€Å"International fast food chains in Pakistan† was based on the primary data collected through personal observations by visiting KFC and McDonald’s located in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The data were collected by filling questionnaire during rush hours in the afternoon between 12:00 noon to 2:00 p. m. In all, 40 customers were accounted for during the survey time period in KFC and McDonald’s. The data were collected during the first week of January 2010. 1. 6 LITERATURE REVIEW First we will take into account the history of KFC. The company was founded as Kentucky Fried Chicken by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952, though the idea of KFCs fried chicken actually goes back to 1930. The company adopted the abbreviated form of its name in 1991. Perfecting its secret recipe of 11 herbs and spices in 1939, KFC has come a long way. With over 10,000 outlets in the world, KFC has maintained its title, for the last 60 years, of being the chicken Experts. Now we will discuss the history of McDonald . At one time it was the largest global restaurant chain, but it has since been surpassed by multi-brand operator, in the competitor KFC is on top of the list. The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California. The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois, on April 15, 1955. Now McDonalds is present in 120 countries with about 32000 outlets. Market entry in Pakistan was not a big problem for KFC as it is a well-known international brand. In that stage they did promoted through their own brand. Their promotion statement was â€Å"KFC in Pakistan†. Opening the first KFC outlet in Gulshan-e- Iqbal in 1997. KFC wore the title of being the market leader in its industry. Serving delicious and hygienic food in a relaxing environment made KFC everyone’s favorite. Since then, KFC has been constantly introducing new products and opening new restaurants for its customers. Presently KFC is branched out in nine major cities of Pakistan (Karachi, Lahore, Gujranwala, Sukkur Muree) with more than 45 outlets nation-wide. Apart from fulfilling our commitment of serving delicious, fresh and hygienic food and at the same time providing our customer with the ultimate entertainment; KFC also plays in the economics development of our country. Presently KFC has provided to over 1200 Pakistanis, which adds up to 6000 individuals directly dependent in KFC Pakistan. In introduction stage KFC entered the market using market-skimming strategy. Their products were high price and targeted only upper class. Later they introduced packages which were affordable by many people. McDonalds Pakistan opened its doors in September 1998 at Lahore and presently operating in seven major cities with a network of 20 restaurants. With a strong belief in the Ray Krock phrase when you are green you are growing, McDonalds Pakistan has an aggressive plan to expand in all other cities of Pakistan and is rapidly growing with the focus to provide friendly and quick service restaurant experience to their customers. Today millions of Pakistanis place their trust in McDonalds everyday to provide them with food of a very high standard as well as good service. In the past five years, the response to McDonald’s coming to Pakistan has been overwhelming. McDonald’s located in Pakistan are currently employing about 1,000 Pakistanis and each store is managed by Pakistani managers. They have also contributed in other ways than food service. McDonalds has investment of over Rs 300 crore in the country and payment of taxes and duties amounting to more than Rs 100 crore. Since McDonald’s is doing so well in Pakistan they will continue to grow and add more stores in more cities in the future. But in Pakistan McDonald’s is facing a tough competition by KFC. KFC and McDonald’s serve to dominate the fast food business in Pakistan. Both fast food chains serve all their customers effectively, given the different categories and factors that determine the success of restaurants and fast food chains in Pakistan. However, based on the findings of the previous research, it can be perceived that KFC is running a more successful business in Pakistan, compared to the business run by McDonald’s. This was given proof in the article, based on the many and varied responses of customers to surveys, which involve their evaluation of both fast food restaurants, based on a number of factors, namely, food, service, environment, price, convenience, brand, and promotion. In terms of food, although both fast food restaurants almost have the same varieties, certain differences can still be recognized. Both KFC and McDonald’s offer chicken and hamburger meals including snacks, desserts, and drinks. However, only KFC offers a wide range of healthy side dishes, such as mashed potato, carrot muffin, and lotus fresh vegetable side dishes. In this sense, KFC aims to uphold healthy eating and nutrition of their customers. In addition, it has been emphasized in the case study that KFC appeared to have the upper hand over McDonald’s in terms of introducing new products in the market. Most of the new products of KFC, such as its lunch items, suit the tastes of the Pakistani. KFC has also been introducing new products in the market in a regular rate. In terms of environment and service, although both fast food restaurants appeal to their market due to their convenient lighting, cleanliness, music, and decorations, still, KFC serves to have the upper hand over McDonald’s. Based on the survey, more customers are â€Å"Very Satisfied† with the services and environment of KFC over McDonald’s. This is because the waiting time in McDonald’s is too long, compared to KFC. In addition, it can also be perceived that KFC has more advantage than McDonald’s, as the employees in KFC have less time to interact with customers than its counterpart, as the volume of its business is larger. The prices of food offered by both restaurants equally serve each other. However, the food offered by KFC is slightly higher, being able to offer some meals that are not offered by McDonald’s, such as the Family Bucket, Garden Chicken Burger Meal, and Hot Spicy Wing Meal. Nevertheless, the volume of customers in all given times of day, in both weekdays and weekends is still higher in KFC than in McDonald’s. Given such figures, it can be perceived that more customers prefer KFC to McDonald’s, thus, indicative of the fact that KFC runs a more successful business than its counterpart does. Moreover, the findings of the study indicate â€Å"More low income and high income customers prefer KFC to McDonald’s, while average income customers prefer McDonald’s more than KFC† In this sense, it can be observed that KFC has a wider range of customers compared to McDonald’s, thus, indicating that more customers patronizes KFC. Furthermore, for the finale, the proof that KFC is running a more successful business than McDonald’s is indicated that not just in Pakistan KFC has an upper hand but in all over the world. 1. 7 DELIMITATIONS. The problem which we faced while conducting our research are firstly the people were not very co operative in order to fill our questionnaire and we have to convince them. Another problem was that people were hesitating to fill our questionnaire. 1. 8 DATA COLLECTION Q1) What is your age group? As we have taken our sample between 18-32. So the people who have filled the form have age between 18 to 32. Q2) What is the reason of eating fast food? Q3) How often do you use fast-food services? Q4) What’s your favorite fast food place? Q5) Rate the fast food you have visited the most? (3 being high and 1 being low). Q6) Which one is your favorite meal? Q7) What fast food restaurants do you think is most advertised? Q8) Which fast food chain is in your opinion is more healthy? Q 9) How favorable is your attitude towards the fast food brands you have eaten? (3 being high and 1 being low) Q10) How well the following brands satisfy your needs? (3 being high and 1 being low) Q11) Which brand packaging has an attractive look? (3 being high and 1 being low) Q12) Which fast food restaurant has an eye-catching outlook? Q13) Which brand do you think bring pleasant memory? (3 being high and being low) Q14) Which brand do you think earns pleasant money? Q15) On Average how much would you expect to pay for a fast food meal? Q16) Apart from food which place is more enjoyable? Q17) Which fast food restaurant is more accessible? Q18) Which brand offer deals which have attractive prices? Q19) If you owned your own fast food restaurant, then which fast food restaurant attribute you want to follow-up? 20) Do you think the future of international fast-food chains in Pakistan is bright? 1. 9 DATA ANALYSIS Q1) What is your age group? As we have taken our sample between 18-32. So the people who have filled the form have age between 18 to 32. Q2) what is the reason of eating fast food? The main reason that people eat at fast food restaurants is because they like the taste. Customer wouldnt keep coming back to a restaurant if the taste of food does not satisfy their tongue. As pie graph shows that 82% prefer taste, 13% prefer convenience and 5% price, hence price and convenience element occupies a very small part of it, only the good taste allows and agree people to spend their money on food. Q3) How often do you use fast-food services? 54% visit once a month 12% visit once a year and once a week. 17% twice a week and 5% visit other time. It looks like most of the people go out and eat fast food once a month. In a close second place people visit fast food restaurants twice a week. So pie graph result shows that people like to eat fast food, but just at different interval of time. Q4) What’s your favorite fast food place? There are tons of different fast food restaurants around the world, but we narrowed down the choices to McDonalds and KFC. According to the people’s choice 80% people like KFC while only 20% McDonald’s. KFC dominates over McDonald’s, other questions also represent that people are more likely towards KFC services. Q5) Rate the fast food you have visited the most? (3 being high and 1 being low) 62%of the people prefer to visit KFC while only 15% prefer McDonald’s. KFC are the first movers of fast food restaurant in Pakistan hence they have first mover advantage. They were the pioneer of fast food in Pakistan. The position of KFC in the mind of people is very strong. Q6) Which one is your favorite meal? We gave various choices of food offered by both restaurants. We restrict people only to choose one food item which is one of their most favorite According to the result 52% people like KFC chicken and 43%burger and 5% salad. While McDonald’s salads were liked by 45%, 30% burger and 25% chicken pieces. Q7) What fast food restaurants do you think is most advertised? The survey shows a slight difference between the advertisements of both restaurants. As they are leading fast food restaurants in Pakistan so they advertised almost equally to make their roots strong in promoting their service. According to the data 57% people think KFC is more advertised and 43% found McDonald’s is more advertised. Q8) Which fast food chain is in your opinion is more healthy? 67% people think that KFC is healthier. People have positive approach towards KFC because KFC food has less chronic health risks because its meal involves appropriate amount of nutrients. Q9) How favorable is your attitude towards the fast food brands you have eaten? (3 being high and 1 being low) 55% people rated KFC at 3 place, 37% people at second and 8% people at first place. But MacDonald’s result differ 13% people rated KFC at 3 place, 37% people at second and 50% people at first place. As results undoubtedly shows the people have favorable attitude towards KFC. Q10) How well the following brands satisfy your needs? (3 being high and 1 being low) 50% people are fully satisfied with KFC, 40% people satisfied and 10% people are just satisfied. But MacDonald’s result differ 15% people are fully satisfied, 35% people are satisfied and 50% people are just satisfied. Q11) Which brand packaging has an attractive look? (3 being high and 1 being low) In brand packaging McDonald’s took prize over KFC. The surveys result shows that 62%people like McDonald’s packaging style while only 27% people like KFC packaging style. Q12) Which fast food restaurant has an eye-catching outlook? Although in other aspects KFC has surpass McDonald’s but when it comes to the outlook of the restaurant 63% people like the outlook of McDonald’s and only 37% people rated KFC. Q13) Which brand do you think bring pleasant memory? (3 being high and being low) Pleasant memory associated with good environment of the place and taste of the food. After analysis it was found that 60% people’s pleasant memory is associated with KFC. 32% people have KFC. 8% do not have as much pleasant memories as others. Q14) Which brand do you think earns pleasant money? 55% people views show that KFC earns pleasant money. And in a close second place 45%rated McDonald’s. Q15) On Average how much would you expect to pay for a fast food meal? 55% people expect to pay an amount of at least Rs. 500 on fast food meal. 30% agreed on paying Rs. 1000 while only 15% want to spend Rs. 1500. Q16) Apart from food which place is more enjoyable? The popularity of any restaurant is just not dependent upon the taste and price of food but it also depend upon the enjoyable environment which include play area for kids, happy meal and gifts. 52% people consider McDonald’s is more enjoyable but 48% people like the environment of KFC. Q17) Which fast food restaurant is more accessible? The result of this question shows an even split among both options. The increasing trend of fast food leads both restaurant branches to multiply in order to make them easy to get to. 53% people think KFC is more accessible while 47% think that McDonald’s is more accessible. Q18) Which brand offer deals which have attractive prices? The higher percentage of people found the prices of KFC more attractive than McDonald’s. According to the data 55% people found prices of KFC affordable and attractive. While that of 45% found McDonald’s prices smart. Q19) If you owned your own fast food restaurant, then which fast food restaurant Attribute you want to follow-up? The majority results show that KFC has won the race in our fast food survey. It is found that KFC fulfill the needs of its customers to some extent, so considering KFC as their ideal people would like to follow the success tracks of KFC in order to have bright future of their restaurant ahead. 75% people like to follow the attributes of KFC for their own restaurant and only 25% consider McDonald’s as their ideal. Q20) Do you think the future of International fast food chains in Pakistan is bright? Based on people answers, 85%agreed with the statement that the future of international fast-food chains in Pakistan is bright, 5% were not agreed on bright future and 10% people have no idea about this. With todays hectic lifestyles, time-saving products are increasingly in demand; one of the most obvious examples is fast food. People want quick and convenient meals as a result, consumers rely on fast food . Knowing this, fast food providers are coming up with new ways to market their products that save time for consumers. All that make sense though because that is what fast food is supposed to meancheap, fast, and tasty. 1. 10 CONCLUSION The conclusion we have drawn after conducting our research is that the problem statement which we consider in our research is confirmed . Our hypothesis that KFC is in spotlight and McDonald’s is a side show was right and people prefer KFC over McDonald’s because of their good quality food and their reasonable price, hence KFC capture a large market than McDonald’s in Pakistan. 1. 11 RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTION After conducting our research we come to a point that about 80% people prefer KFC over McDonald’s here are some suggestions and recommendations to both the brands. Based on our research we suggest that McDonald’s should improve the quality of their food because majority of people found McDonald’s a less healthy option. It was also found that Macdonald’s satisfies the need of people to lesser extent, so McDonald’s should try hard to make up to the expectations of people. It was found by our research that although people prefer KFC over McDonald’s but they found the packing of McDonald’s more attractive than that of KFC, so KFC should work on their packing and make it more attractive. When it comes to outlook of the restaurant, majority of people like the outlook of KFC, so McDonald’s should improve their outlook. It was also found that KFC is better advertised; hence McDonald’s should work to promote their brand in order to capture a large volume of customer. Pakistan is a price sensitive market for many items and competition is intense, so McDonald’s should maintain their price packages. REFERENCES ? Haider Tayyab, KFC McDonald’s Food Quality Comparison, 12, 10, 2002 http://www. bandt. com. au/kfc-macdonald-food-quality-comparison/5d/0c01585d. asp ?Jekanowski Mark, McDonald’s versus KFC who will win, 7,6,2009, http://movementarian. com/2009/06/07/mcdonalds-versus-kfc-who-will-win/ ? Johnson Michel, McDonald’s History, 2,21,2003, http://mcdonalds2. rozee. pk/content. php? lid=TWpJd09BPT0rQQ== ? Keems Jack, KFC and McDonald’s comparison, 11,22,2007 http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0887/is_11_22/ai_111023412 ? Rehman Hameed, 2005, International Fast Food Chains Statistics, Khabarnama News ? Velazquez Allin, KFC and McDonald’s in Pakistan, 11, 11, 2009, http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2009/11/kfc-and-mcdonalds-in-pakistan. html.

Falls in Older Adults With Mental Illness

Falls in Older Adults With Mental Illness Aim The aim of this research paper is to examine the cases of falls in older adults mainly due to the mental illness. The decreasing level of mental health in older adult is a primary reason of fall leading to multiple serious injuries. The research paper will analyze the role of mental illness in causing the falls in older adults. Objective This study establishes the fact that mental illness in older adults is responsible for a fall causing major injuries, which can prove fatal. This study further investigates the various preventive measures which can be adopted to prevent the fall of mentally older adults. Introduction Human body is the complex machine ever made. Like machines, Human body is also prone to wear tear. The phenomenon of ageing in human being is universally known. With increase in age, body’s resistivity decreases, thus many old age problems arises. With the advancements of medical technology, human life expectancy has been increased from 50 years to 65 years. The possibility of leading a healthier life after 50 years is possible which was not possible in earlier days (Rowe kahn 1987 1997). Increased health education, various financial programmes better care of human body has increased the average life of a human to 70 or 80 years. But with increased age, certain chronic diseases are bound to happen. It is true that due to best medical practices human life has increased but human body being a part of nature has its own fate. With increased life expectancy, we can see a lot of older active members in our today’s society. With increase in active older adults, there is a subsequent increase in adults with mental physical problems as well (Zarit, Johansson Malmberg 1995). Mental problems are the result of social dilemma in older adults. Many cases are recently divorced male female, sometimes the loss of near and dear ones plunges one into darkness. Despite all the best of technological advancements and innovative medical treatments, the mental well being of older adult people is declining (Zarit Zarit 2012). The solidarity living, unable to socialize are also seen as few causes of mental illness. Older adults, sometimes divorcee or single suffering from mental disorder become victim of fall, due to losing of consciousness. The fall is a major reason of unintentional injuries (Sattin 1992). A faller is a person who falls, which is usually more than once in case of mentally ill people. The fall, induces by mental illness is increasing day by day. Hospitalization due to fall is increasing in the age group of 55-65 years (Heslop et. Al. 2012). Fall resulted to mental disorder leads to major injuries. Depression due to single living style is a major reas on causing the mental imbalance. The loss of confidence due to multiple falls in patient with high level of mental disorder is seen in patients who fall at least three times in a year. Due to singular living style being popular these days, people are unable to mingling socially, a patient suffering from mental disorder will remain unhealthy until his atmosphere gets changed. Easing out the feeling of depression in people is the first cure of mental illness which doesn’t usually happens these days until you visit a doctor. Literature review The social confinement of living alone is a major cause of increasing mental illness and subsequent fall of patients (Treas 1995). Although, the fall is a resultant of both external factors as well internal. Change in environment, Affect of Drugs or any labour intensive activity performed under harsh condition can also lead to fall (Nyberg 1996). Mental well being is often attributed to heavy drug intake, which leads to dizziness. Intuitional admittance is often regarded as a remedy to prevent any fatal injury but falls are in increasing number by two – third to those people who are under institutional care (Bergland et. al. 1998). Mental well is often regarded something which comes with age, but that is not the usual case. Certain minor or mid aged adults too have shown sign of mental illness, although number of fall accidents in not serious in this age group. Mental illness deteriorates with increasing age resulting in increasing number of fall as age increases, which increa ses the number of hospitalized cases due to fall (Mathers et. al. 1998). Prevention is the best remedy to cure the mental illness as well as to prevent any serious injury due to fall. The mental illness can be caused to various factors including generic inheritance (Sellers et. al. 2012). Although several researches have been done on the cause of mental illness but nothing specific is researched on fall as a result of mental instability. Also fall is not the direct resultant of mental illness, it’s the after affect of various drugs that patient take as a cure of mental illness. A recently concluded report find linkages of mental illness with other age related diseases also (Griffin 2013). Risk assessment should be the specific case while dealing a patient with multiple disorders. Considering the less neighbourhood friendly nature of our modern living, a single person is always prone to mental imbalance. A woman who is a divorcee and now lives single is more prone to mental illness (Schoevers et. al. 2006). The risk of depression is much greater tha n compared to the one living in a joint family. Fall in the case of single living patient is more serious. Delay in hospitalization can lead to death of a patient in case if nobody reports to the hospital which usually can happen if you are living alone. A faller falling at multiple times in a year is more prone to neurological disorder (Nevitt et. al. 2006). Fall is often related to the depression and mental unconsciousness of a person. A subsequent increase in the order of fall can increase the mental depression (Krishnaswamy n.d.). The Australian Commission of Safety Quality in Health care has established that treatment of fall can be useful in treating multiple illnesses. The guidelines issued by them include the risk assessment test to be done for person crossing a threshold level of age. Certain literature focuses on preventive measures with regard to spatial planning, lighting ambiance user friendly approaches of the houses to be designed for older adults. Identifying the gaps Although separate studies and researches have been done on various effect of fall, the specific reason of fall in mental disturbed patient is not been studied. A direct link needs to be established between the mental illness and fall. This further should be analyzed on the increasing rate of mental illness with age groups and duration of fall period. Moreover, the physical assessment of a faller needs to be done as to what is he doing at the time of fall, what’s the mental stress level during his falls at what time of the day is the fall occurring. Any literature which can establish direct link of mental illness on a fall of a person is not been done. A study needs to be focused on establishing preventive measure which can be under taken by the patient at spatial level in order to minimize the injuries. This gap is to be answered by the medium of this research paper, with specific need of establishing time occurrence of fall in mentally ill people. Although separate qualitat ive analysis needs to be done for patients live in the institutional care and those living in individual homes. Formulating research question How mental illness linked to the fall of older adult’s people? Specifying the significance The cases of fall are increasing with the increase of age life expectancy. Increasing level of segregation at neighbourhood level has become a way of living. Reporting of fall in case of mentally ill people living single is more important. This research study is important as it will establish a direct link between mentally ill people to their fall, considering the fact that mentally ill people often don’t relate their fall to the mental illness. Risk assessment is also a main focus of this study, as the fall cases are often increases with the increase of age. The research is important owing to the fact that mental illness goes unnoticed despite subsequent fall, that too for the patients living in the institutional care. Bibliography

Karen van der Zees A Secret Sorrow and Gail Godwins A Sorrowful Woman

Karen van der Zee's A Secret Sorrow and Gail Godwin's A Sorrowful Woman Though fulfilling love, happiness and trust in a relationship can be comforting, couples often are unsuccessful in finding or keeping the love that their relationship need; even if issues may interfere within the relationship, couples should find a way in working through their problems. Once a couple's happiness, trust and love have been fulfilled, they can experience unconditional love. Although they would need to make every possible step to heal their relationship, if and when their relationship breaks down, there is still much they can learn. With this stated this idea holds opposing views among the two females in A Secret Sorrow and "A Sorrowful Woman." In both selections of Karen van der Zee's romance novel, "A Secret Sorrow," and of Gail Godwin's fairy-tale like story, "A Sorrowful Woman," the story lines revolve around two women who struggle with their own personal issues-- in which in A Secret Sorrow, Faye could not have happiness in her life with fulfilling her dream of getting married and having children of her own; in contrary, in "A Sorrowful Woman, the secluded woman had already the fulfillment of being married and having a child, but was now at the point of not wanting that kind of life anymore--and in which how each of the women handle their situation. Faye is worried about how her relationship with her boyfriend will be affected by her inability to conceive children. On the other hand, the unnamed woman of "A Sorrowful Woman" is unhappy with her marriage and isolates herself from her family. Faye and Kai's relationship is one of those relationships that can never be broken. Meaning, that they have gotten to know each ... ... to the role of being a wife and mother to a family, who did not ever cause any pain or trouble? Sadly, the woman felt her marriage was weighing pressure on her, and her only resolution was to take her own life; abandoning her husband and son. In conclusion, A Secret Sorrow reveals that not everything in life can bring happiness for every situation, but with the search for answers and the help of friends or significant other, anybody should be able to resolve their situation and move on with their life on a brighter note. For Faye, she was on the verge of giving up hope, but since she had the help of Kai, her worst fear ended with true happiness. This was not true in "A Sorrowful Woman," in which the woman did not find happiness with her marriage and chose the wrong path by excluding herself from her family, and resolving her situation in a negative way.

Does Anything Break Because it is Fragile? :: Philosophy Philosophers Essays

Does Anything Break Because it is Fragile? ABSTRACT: I maintain that dispositions are not causally relevant to their manifestations. The paper begins with a negative argument, which is intended to undermine David Lewis’ recent attempt to restore causal potency to dispositions by identifying their instantiations with the instantiations of their causal bases. I conclude that Lewis’ attempt to vindicate the causal credentials of dispositions meets obstacles that are analogous to (though importantly different from) those that beset Donald Davidson’s attempt to accord a causal role to the mental. I then consider an argument recently given by Frank Jackson against the causal relevance of dispositions (to their manifestations). Jackson’s argument relies on a conception of dispositions that is not likely to be shared by those who defend their causal relevance. I sketch an alternative conception of dispositions that links them more closely to their causal bases, but argue that even on this model disposition s are causally impotent. The paper closes with a defense of the claim that dispositions, in spite of their causal irrelevance to their manifestations, are nevertheless causal-explanatorily relevant to them. We regard dispositions as being causally responsible for their manifestations. We say that the glass broke because it was fragile, that the rubber band stretched because it is elastic, and that the arsenic killed him because it was lethal. Some philosophers have denied this. According to them, dispositions are causally irrelevant to the effects in terms of which they are defined. This view was defended by Elizabeth Prior, Robert Pargetter and Frank Jackson, and has been (tentatively) endorsed by David Lewis. According to them, fragility is the second-order property of having some or other first-order property (e.g., a given molecular structure) that tends to cause breaking under certain circumstances. But then, they infer, it is this first-order feature (the `causal basis' of the glass's fragility), and not fragility itself, that is responsible for causing the breaking. Fragility is thus conceptually after the fact as concerns the causation of breaking: the glass counts as being fragile only in consequence of its having some other, first-order property that is causally responsible for its breaking when struck. Lewis has always seemed uneasy with this view. He has called it a "disagreeable oddity" that must be dispatched if the identification of dispositions with second-order properties is to win our unequivocal support. In a recent paper, he takes himself to have done just that.

Women: Their Freedom, And How They Got It :: Expository Essays Research Papers

Women: Their Freedom, And How They Got It The Light at the End of the Tunnel In the past, women have been oppressed to a point where they were treated as a completely different species. They were in a country that seemed to be a dark tunnel with no hope, dreams, or sense of fulfillment. Now, women have been given their natural birthrights, and they are now able to do everything males can do. As the United States of America was building, women for some reason were not treated like they should have been. Strong women like Sojourner Truth stood up for what they knew was right. She was able to fight for all women, represent a whole "race" and take control, she was one of the very few women who had the strength and will power to face this problem head on, and win. She was able to take on an entire nation and voice her opinion regardless of what her consequences could have been. That is what it takes to free yourself and or other people from the hold of injustice. Not too many people have the quality to be able to stand up in such harsh situations but because of some brave women all of the women are able to walk down the street and feel as equal as any man passing by. They can vote, hold office, get high paying jobs, and be independent women, with independent thoughts. In the lights of the horrible past, women were able to build a defense system far better than any army or navy that any country could produce. The women were able to attack with intelligence, perseverance, and being able to bring up common sense that seemed to have been missing before. With this defense, they were able to produce an illustrious history. Now, women can linger with their pasts, and with the memories of the women who preceded them, and look towards a bright future, where people like Eleanor Roosevelt and Hillary Rodham Clinton exemplify the American women, who can live out the American Dream, once only available to males. No longer do women write books depicting their insecurities and injustices. Now women are writers of Pulitzer Prize winning works and teach aspiring male authors how to be the best they can be. In a society where it was once unheard of for women to even be educated, women take up the majority of grade school teachers, and many more have blossomed into college professors with Ph D's and MD's.

Marketing Excellence- Nike Essay

MARKETING EXCELLENCE- NIKE The case explains how Nike successfully marketed it products by getting it endorsed through top athletes, who influence the buying decision of brands and products of others and created its brand image by associating the products with their persona. By signing the Michael Jordan and relating it air Jordan shoes to his superior performance ,it generated great revenues in a year alone, and its â€Å"just do it† ad campaign manifested brand’s attitude of self-empowerment through sports. Nike customized its marketing strategy depending upon the market as it did at the time of expansion to Europe by focussing on soccer rather than the aggressive US style ads and sponsored local club, and fortunately the Brazilian team for world cup in 1994 which they won an authenticated Nike’s image into brand representing emotion allegiance and identification due to which over next decade overseas revenue for the first time passed US revenues. It diversified the product line by acquiring a British soccer related by acquiring British company manufacturing. Soccer related footwear apparel and equipment becomes sole supplier of uniforms to professional soccer teams. At the time of Beijing Olympics, although Adidas was official sponsor, received special permission for featuring Olympic athletes in its ads and sponsored several teams and athletes that resulted into 15% higher sales in Asian region. For expansion of its product line of tennis clothing and Nike’s gold brand it signed top tennis players and Tiger Woods relatively who changed the way professional golfers get dressed. Nike showed social responsibility by helping Lance Armstrong’s campaign and spread Armstrong message of survival and will power world -wide. The recent innovation by introducing technology in shoes by entering partnership with apple is Nike+ and marketed it by hosting largest and only global virtual race. With such an effective marketing strategies Nike today enjoys 31 % market share globally and 50% in US and is the top athletic apparel and footwear manufacture in the world. MARKETING MYOPIA The case argues about how marketing myopia resulted in decline and it is still affecting the growth industries. Basically Marketing myopia is  short-sightedness in vision of the firm for achieving higher revenues by concentrating on product upgradation and neglecting customer needs and ways to satisfy them with organizations offerings through the products and services. The industries assumed themselves to be riding some automatic growth escalator and descend themselves into stagnation. The four conditions that make industries to have such assumptions are : 1) The belief that growth is assured by expanding and more affluent population. 2) The belief that there is no competitive substitute for the industry’s major products. 3) Too much faith in mass production and in the advantage of rapidly declining unit costs as output rises. 4) Preoccupation with a product that lends itself to carefully controlled scientific experimentation, improvement and manufacturing cost reduction. The railroads are in trouble for they assumed themselves to be in railroads business rather than in transportation business that stopped growth. They don’t lack opportunity but some of managerial imaginativeness and audacity that made car trucks or airplanes have. Aluminium industry has still continued to be growth industries due to efforts made for creating new customer satisfying uses. By Kaiser Aluminium and Chemical Corporation and Reynolds metals company. The Dry Cleaning, electrical utilities, grocery store led to their destruction by not responding to customer’s demands. Even the petroleum industry is very much persuaded that there is no competitive substitute for their major product gasoline. None of them are enthusiastically researching fuel cells, batteries, solar power plants which are getting increasing attention and are neglecting continuous customer needs. These industries try to discover more convincing advertising themes, more effective sales promotional drives, what the market shares of the various companies are, what people like or dislike about service station dealers and oil companies and so forth. Nobody seems as interested in probing deeply into the basic human needs that the industry might be trying to satisfy as in probing into the basic properties of the raw material that the companies work with in trying to deliver customer satisfactions.

Racial Discrimination Against African Americans in the U.S. Labor Market

Racial Discrimination against African Americans in the U. S. Labor Market Josefina Anorga Carlos Albizu University Abstract The following work deals with racial discrimination against African Americans in the workplace. Terms as racial discrimination, racism, race and African Americans are going to be defined to a greater understanding of these. It presents different types of discrimination at work, statistics of the African American population who works in the U. S. , the way how it is changing over the years and the laws and entities that protect discrimination at the workforce. Racial Discrimination against African Americans in the Labor Market There are many ethnic and racial groups in the United States, such as Euro Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, American Indians, Latin Americans, and others. Some of these groups have faced severe discrimination in social, political, educational, and economic opportunities. In our days, there are still large differences among these groups in areas like employment opportunities, income, education, criminal justice, voting and elections, health, and other fields. Because of this, many ways of unequal opportunities and discriminatory treatment persists in the United States in many ways, especially with African Americans. The term African Americans, also called Afro-Americans or Blacks, refers to residents or citizens of the United States who have African origins. It also describes a very diverse group of people in the American society. They may come from different ethnic backgrounds such as African, Caribbean, Central American or South American. According to Robert Hill in â€Å"The Strength of Black Families† African Americans have family characteristics such as strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, adaptable family roles, high achievement orientation, and strong religious orientation (Harry, 1992; Hairston, 1983). Afro-Americans make up collective family structure and subjects like family and spirituality are very important for them. Although the number of African American Muslims has increased, their choice of religions tends to be Christianity (Harry, 1992). Even though the workplace is more diverse than ever and there is more consciousness of racial discrimination, African Americans, a racial-ethnic minority group in the United States, still have to face many discrimination problems. Many people in the U. S. have prejudices about African Americans describing them as inferior. â€Å"Research in social psychology suggests that categorizing individuals on the basis of salient, observable characteristics such as race, gender, age, and even patterns of dress and speech is inevitable, occurs automatically, and activates biases associated with these characteristics (Measuring Racial Discrimination, 2004). There are also many stereotypes that qualify them as poor, unemployed, unintelligent, uneducated, smelly, dirty, lazy, and also violent offenders. Discrimination means unequal treatment. To treat an individual or group of people differently based on their racial origins is called Racial Discrimination. It is also important to understand two terms that will be mentioned throughout the project, and those are: race and racism. The term race was used to distinguish populations in different areas on the basis of differing physical characteristics that had developed over time, such as skin color, facial features, and other characteristics† (Blank, Dabady, Citro, 2004), and â€Å"according to the US Civil Rights Commission 2010, racism is an action or attitude, conscious or unconscious, that subordinates and individual or group based on skin color or race. It can be enacted individually or institutionally†. The United States has been dominated in many aspects including the work place since the colonial era by the predominant group, Euro-Americans or Whites. White men are twice as likely to get management jobs as qualified black men, and three times as likely as black women (Smith & Elliott, 2004). It is expected that by the year 2050 Whites are not going to be the predominant group in this nation anymore. This is because the demographics are changing very fast and many of the minority groups are increasing enormously. By the year 2000, African Americans comprised the United States largest racial minority group comprehending 12. 3 percent of the total population Nowadays Latin Americans are the largest minority group in the U. S. ollowed by Afro-Americans that are expected to be 15% by the year 2050. Seventeen million were the number of Blacks that worked in the United States by the year 2000 and it is expected that by the year 2050 there will be 27 millions of this group in the workforce. This significant amount represents an important part of the population for this country (U. S. Census, 2001). As mentioned before, diversity in the U. S. workplace is growing fast and it is bringing more opportunities to the minority groups. But just as it brings positive things, also brings challenges, such as racial or ethnic discrimination, especially against African Americans. Although there are many types of racial discrimination, two of the most important and most common in the workplace are Direct Racial Discrimination and Indirect Racial Discrimination. The Direct Racial Discrimination is intentional and easier to recognize because the employee does not try to hide being discriminatory with another employee, but this can be very difficult to prove. In most of the cases, the person who is discriminating believes that the discriminated employee or co-worker is not going to blame or take any action against them. Some examples for this type of discrimination could be when an employee jokes that blacks cannot sit with whites while having lunch or when simply an employee makes uncomfortable comments and jokes about the skin color of another worker knowing that he is listening just to make him feel humiliated in front of other people (Mighealth, 2007). The second type of discrimination is Indirect Racial Discrimination. It is when a supervisor or employee is committing an act of racial discrimination but tries to hide it so that it does not seem they are discriminating against the other employee. It is to place a group of African Americans in disadvantage with other groups and it is also very difficult to prove because those actions can be justified very easily. Examples of this type of racial discrimination could be when a black employee is not recognized for their job or being denied for deserved promotions while Euro Americans are not. Other cases of this type of discrimination could be when a supervisor gives similar tasks that require the same amount of work to all their subordinates but more difficult tasks to African Americans or also, not evaluating their jobs as they do with the others (Mighealth, 2007). It is important to emphasize that many American companies are reported annually because of racial discrimination against African American employees. An example of this are the cases of two American companies Nike, a sportswear company, and Walgreens, the largest drugstore chain in the U. S. In the year 2007, 4 former employees of the Nike Company, who used to work in the Niketown store in Chicago, filed a racial discrimination lawsuit against the company. They accused one of the managers from the store for eferring to black employees and customers using inappropriate and discriminatory language, making false accusations against them, segregating them to low-paying jobs and sending security guards to closely monitor both employees and black customers (ABC News, July 31, 2007). According to the CBS 2, 2007, a lawsuit against Walgreens was filed based on the widespread racial bias toward thousands of black employees. The company was accused of making decisions about employee promotions and assignments based on race. There are two important entities that defend racial discrimination in the workplace in the United States. These are the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII). The Civil Rights Act says that is illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or a current employee because of the person’s skin color, national origin, religion, sex, age, disability or genetic information. It is also illegal to discriminate against a person because they have complained of discrimination, filed charges of discrimination or has participated in an investigation of employment discrimination. This law applies to all work situations including personnel selection, hiring, firing, promotions, harassment, training, salaries and benefits. The EEOC is responsible for enforcing federal laws against discrimination in the workplace. In the year 2007 according to the statistics issued by this Commission, 30,510 racial discrimination charges were recorded, compared with 82, 792 total charges in the workplace. In 2006 75, 768 charges were reported and 27, 238 or 35% were related to racial discrimination. In 2007, charges of racial discrimination increased 12% from the previous year, reaching their highest level in 13 years. By the year 2009, 33, 579 were the charges reported. There is an increase in discrimination against African Americans in the labor area as the statistics show, and this is expected to continue growing over the years. Racial discrimination is a social problem that is learned and can be solved with education and the help of government authorities and the various companies that comprise the workforce in the United States. Diversity in business is very beneficial, either to avoid charges of discrimination, increase productivity or the company's corporate image. Every individual, regardless of their skin color or origin, have the right as a human being, to be treated in a fair way. References Hairston, E. , & Smith, L. (1983). Black and deaf in America. Silver Springs, MD, TJ Publishers, Inc . Harry, B. (1992). Cultural diversity, families, and special education       system: Communication and empowerment. New York, NY, Teachers       College. US Civil Rights Commission (2010, January). . Retrieved January       30, 2010 from , U. S. Government Web site: http://www. usccr. gov/ Blank, R. M. , Dabady, M. , Citro. C. F. (2004). Measuring racial       discrimination. National Research Council. Retrieved from http:       //www. nap. edu/openbook. php? record_id=10887=26 Smith, R. A. , Elliott, J. (2004). Race, Gender, and Workplace Power,. , 69, . doi:10. 1177/000312240406900303 Grieco, E. M. , & Cassidy, R. C. (2001). Overview race and Hispanic       origin 2000. Retrieved January 31, 2010 from , U. S. Census       Bureau Web site: http://www. census. gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-1. pdf Mighealthnet (). Explanations of race discrimination. , , 1. Retrieved from ht       tp://mighealth. net/uk/index. hp/Explanations_of_Race_Discrimination Clark, A. S. (2007, March 7). Feds sue Walgreen Co. for bias class-action       lawsuit alleges drugstore chain discriminates against black       workers. CBS 2, , 1. Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com/stor       ies/2007/03/07/business/main2546179. shtml U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (). Charge statistics       fy 1997 t hrough fy 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2010 from , U. S. Government Web site: http://www. eeoc. gov/eeoc/statistics/enforcement/charges. cfm Appendix [pic] EEOC, 2009 Appendix [pic] Census, 2000 Appendix [pic] Census, 2008 [pic][pic]

My View on Sporting Event

Popular events like the football world cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? In present days,more and more countries are putting big sporting events into national agenda due to a sporting explosion and their increasingly attentions towards multinational sports occupations. Meantime,issues are highly debated on whether such international sporting activities can ease the intensive atmospheres between competitive countries or not. Personally, I really appreciate the former idea for several reasons. In general,popular sporting events contribute to harmonious relationships between the participated nations. To start with,communications between nations during the games enable them to be closer to others. Participation in the events promotes the development of friendshios and recongnition,which are acquired by sharing the exciting moments and cooperating with each other. Moreover,every joining country is likely to concentrate on the game during the competiton,which ,as a result,tend to pay less attention to deal with his enemies in the fields of politics or economy. It is true that countries can afford no distraction to pose threats to the security of other countries during the game. Admittedly,sporting events may not function well to shoulder the responsibility for eliminating the contradiction between countries. The reason for this is that such events can make competitions even more intensive than before,provided that one country win another,which is coincidently its enemy. Obviously,the situation tends to be counterproductive,let alone the expectation of an improvement. Even so,it is unusual that such sort of thing happens frequently,as the game launched internationly is seen as a profile of promoting team spirit and paticipation. In summary,I would concede that the sporting events cause worse problems in some cases. Despite that,they play pivotal roles in cooling strained emotions safely. Overall,I am convinced that more and more countries should join in the events.