The Breaking Of A Hierarchical Society Through Technology...

Zainab Jafri Mr. Ballinger ENG-101-ML 22 November, 2016 The Breaking of a Hierarchical Society Through Technology Cathy Davidson’s Project Classroom Makeover, Rent Seeking and the Making of an Unequal Society by Joseph E. Stiglitz, and Tim Wu’s Father and Son all suggest that although trying to appeal to society through democratizing tactics by using technology, major companies are falling into a monopolizing hole. As technology is providing potential freedom to lead us to reinvent and acquire gains that are more aligned with public goods, such as democracy, the internet is also letting major companies to manipulate society and the government. However, despite the fact that technology is helping corporations to threaten the liberty of society, technology is also serving as a threat to government control, hierarchy and monopoly as individuals have more access to information to educate themselves. Although companies are trying to appeal to consumers by promoting democracy, corporations are becoming a monopolizing power. Th is is clear as Apple, while originally planning to â€Å"Do No Evil† (Wu 534), ended up becoming a monopolizing company after teaming up with ATT after the launching of the iPhone because ATT is â€Å"the best and most popular network in the country† (Wu 534). Apple further monopolizes as it teams up with Duke University to ensure a â€Å"partnership of business and education† (Davidson 48). Although the original incentive of Apple was to try and create socialShow MoreRelatedEssay My Personal Culture996 Words   |  4 Pagesbeliefs, and personal interests. Culture is important because it allows people to maintain a unique identity society. Many cultures have common interests, while others may have customs that differ greatly from that of another. Technology has had a huge impact on present day cultures. 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Tale of Two Cites Drowning Motif Free Essays

English 12u Essay Rough Draft Justina Van Maren Splashing, gasping for breath. Sinking, darkness, and then; death. Death by drowning is, in the beginning, a conscious, agonizing end. We will write a custom essay sample on Tale of Two Cites: Drowning Motif or any similar topic only for you Order Now The realization of an imminent death is the first step that strikes fear into the heart of the victim. Shore is too far away, the person is too tired, and if rescue is not near, death is inescapable. Contrary to popular understanding, a drowning person is not easy to spot. People picture a drowning victim screaming or calling for help, but in actuality all his/her efforts are used to breathe, making calls for help impossible. Drowning is not the death most people envision it. It is a silent killer. Creeping up slowly, it takes its victims by surprise, and often before five minutes have passed, death has them in its cold, cruel clutches. This silent action is paralleled in Charles Dickens novel, A Tale of Two Cities. Dickens speaks of a woodman, personified as fate, and a farmer, who is used to picture death, working silently but purposefully towards the French Revolution, getting ready wood for scaffolds, guillotines and tumbrels. As well as portraying the silent nature of drowning, Dickens also uses this motif to bring out another aspect of the revolution. In A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens uses the motif of drowning to portray the stages of the revolutionaries’ attitudes towards their condition. â€Å"The first step towards getting helped is realizing that you have a problem. † (Anonymous) This well known quote clearly illustrates the first step of drowning. A man cannot save himself if he does not realize that he is in danger. When drowning becomes reality to its victims, their whole vision changes, and panic sets in. In A Tale of Two Cities, the peasant’s vision changed as they realized that if they did not act right away, they would die as victims of a tyrannical system. If this fact in itself did not move the peasants into action, it was the fact that not only them, but their children and their children’s children would perish, smothered under the iron fist of the aristocracy. Their vision became visions of desperate people, as drowning people. This outlook was in many ways created and helped along by Monsieur and Madame Defarge. They showed the shrunken, wasted Doctor Manette to the Jacques, in order to change the way they looked at things and strike fear of their condition into their hearts. Dickens also uses the motif of drowning very strongly in the personal lives of his characters. A quote found on page 255 reads, â€Å"All this was seen in a moment, as the vision of a drowning man. † This quote refers us back to the Manette’s, where Jarvis Lorry reveals the terrible grindstone scene to the horrified Doctor. Doctor Manette’s vision changed at that moment as well, realising that death, though not for himself, was sure for Lucie’s husband if immediate action was not taken. When a drowning person obtains the vision that he or she is dying, panic takes control over both mind and body. From panic stems desperation and a desperate man is someone who will do anything to change his situation. A drowning man no longer thinks about right and wrong, about what morals he practices, or what values he ought to follow. One thought consumes his mind, and that is to save himself. The means used to achieve deliverance does not matter, nor does the suffering person stop to consider if he is harming another in saving himself. In the novel, this is illustrated by the conflict between Miss Pross and Madame Defarge; â€Å". . . Miss Pross . . . held her round the waist, and clung to her with more than the hold of a drowning woman,† (Dickens 357). This situation clearly reminds the reader of the desperate circumstances in which the peasants found themselves. Just as Miss Pross’ hold on Madame Defarge was a matter of life or death, so the actions of revolutionaries were determining their end; a better future for all peasants, or a continuation of oppression from the ancien regime. In the above quote Dickens also speaks about the hold of a drowning person. A rescuer must always be careful when swimming up to such a person, because in panic, the victim may grab hold of him/her so tightly that both perish. In the same way, the revolutionaries harmed others while trying to save themselves. In the senseless slaughter of those guilty and innocent alike, the revolutionaries drowned themselves along with their victims in a pool of immorality and revenge. For, even though they bettered their physical condition and brightened the future for their children, their conscience was passed over and ignored. Like a drowning man who before the actual act of death becomes unconscious, so the consciences of the revolutionaries were pushed away until they were silenced, no longer able to warn against the upcoming spiritual death. Death is the final outcome. If a person has drowned, death has come to claim this person and there is no longer any chance of being rescued. In A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens speaks of the gaoler of Charles Darnay, his description being, â€Å". . . this gaoler was so unwholesomely bloated, both in face and person, as to look like a man who had been drowned and filled with water,† (Dickens 249). This man seems to point to all the revolutionaries, not in the physical description, but in a spiritual sense. The consciences of the revolutionaries have been drowned, silenced forever, and the people themselves have been filled with thoughts only of bloodthirsty revenge. The picture of a drowned man is not a pleasant one. The death is most often an agonizingly conscious one, causing the expression to be one twisted in agony, the horrified expression of one without hope of survival. The lack of oxygen causes the skin to turn a sickly blue, and the water soaks into the pores and causes the persons face to be swollen and bloated. Ultimately, the person’s appearance is so altered that it is usually difficult, if not impossible to identify the person from the way they looked before. Similarly, the revolutionaries were not a pretty picture in the way that they cared nothing for their fellow man and executed any who seemed to oppose them callously, without proof or proper trial. Proof of this callousness can be found in the example of the little seamstress towards the end of the novel, a representation of thousands of innocent victims sent to the guillotine. We read of how the women knitting below the scaffold counted the severed heads calmly, not in the least disturbed at the horrific amount of bloodshed occurring right before their eyes. The wood-sawyer is another prime example of the uncaring attitude of the peasants when he talks flippantly to Lucie of the guillotine; â€Å". . . Loo, loo, loo! And off her head comes! Now a child. Tickle, tickle; Pickle, pickle! And off its head comes. All the family! † (Dickens, 341). We are horrified as we read of the Jacques gleefully talking about the way they enjoy seeing a woman with blonde hair and blue eyes being guillotined, and we are even more appalled when they speak with eager anticipation at the thought of seeing Lucie’s pretty child put to death. Throughout all these examples we can see that Dickens has brought the motif of drowning to a close and the final outcome, death of the revolutionary’s morality, has been achieved. At the end of the novel, A Tale of Two Cites, the motif of drowning has come full circle. We read of how the peasant’s desperate situation causes their vision to be that of drowning people as they realize that death is imminent. Dickens moves on to portray the panic that causes morality to be ignored in the frantic attempt to preserve one’s own life. Dickens shows that drowning people will do anything to save themselves, even drown their rescuer if they feel it will improve their own condition. In the same way the revolutionaries brutally disposed of any that seemingly hindered their desperate attempt to break their chains of oppression. The plot lines of the characters also vividly portray the way in which the consciences of certain characters are silenced, and the way in which no other thought than revenge is allowed into the minds of the revolutionaries. And then finally, death, the end of all morality. The guiding principles of mankind were destroyed as the revolutionaries thirst for bloodshed did not abate, but instead grew more intense, as each day they longed for more heads to be added to the ever growing number. The motif of drowning is used very powerfully by Charles Dickens, and is employed in a way that effectively portrays the desperate position of the revolutionaries. The way in which Dickens uses this motif clearly parallels the changing attitudes of the revolutionaries, giving us a better understanding of them. How to cite Tale of Two Cites: Drowning Motif, Essay examples

Romanticism Emerged With The Rise Of English Literature Essay free essay sample

Introduction Romanticism emerged with the rise of a disenchanted, in-between category creative person hostile to both traditional authorization and civilization on the one manus ( monarchy, nobility, church ) and to the turning philistinism, complacence, domestic soaking up, and aesthetic indifference of a turning in-between category civilization. In many ways, Romantic creative persons were alienated from all dominant societal groups ( tribunal, church, bourgeois civilization ) while hankering in contradictory ways for elements from each. Therefore they yearned for audiences possessing the aesthetic edification of traditional elites an nobility of esthesia while by and large rejecting the societal hierarchies, absolutist political relations, and history picture which went with elect backing in favour of a more common humanity. They yearned for a deep, communal spiritualty nostalgically projected into the spiritual yesteryear while rejecting institutionalised faith in favour of radically private, single vision and feeling. They yearned for an artistic magnificence, deepness, earnestness, and communal deepness which they projected into the past while interrupting aggressively with all traditions and traditional vocabularies ( particularly history picture ) and take a firm standing that art be true to modern experience, esthesias, and societal conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Romanticism Emerged With The Rise Of English Literature Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In some ways, Romanticism can be summed up as the prostration of a religion in larger conventions, traditions, vocabularies, and communal orders. The rupture with all impressions of historical continuity, tradition, and shared conventions left creative persons adrift and fragmented in new ways, seizing at their progressively private and disconnected personal visions. To a big extent, Romanticism lost religion in the cultural and historical gum which had made secure, communal individuality possible and which had allowed creative persons to talk in a shared linguistic communication with larger audiences. Most problematically, the Romantic forsaking of convention itself and its replacing with a heroic, independent, stainless, personal vision made it harder for modern art to intend anything and to make any important audience. It was Romanticism which foremost insisted that artistic mastermind was needfully at odds with a larger universe and in struggle with it and that great art was the provocative and independent chase of a higher, private truth beyond ordinary human experience, morality, and comprehension. Ironically, the Romantic nobility of artistic esthesia made Romanticism and much subsequently, modern art tremendously appealing to blue bloods and second-generation millionaires eager to expose their contempt for the common herd by puting in hard art. Acerate leaf to state, Romantic creative persons were the first to collide often with the general populace and with the defenders of its traditional criterions, esthesias, and morality ( whether courtly, spiritual, or businessperson ) . They were the first to confront what would emerge as a turning job: public incomprehension, indifference, or even ill will toward the latest art. By recasting the modern creative person as a heroic foreigner and lone wolf, Romanticism imposed new psychic loads on creative persons fighting to happen big success without compromising to conventional esthesias. For the first clip in Western history, some ( though non all ) of the best creative persons had trouble happening professional success and public acknowledgment. It was even possible for great Romantic creative persons like Friedrich to be about wholly neglected and forgotten after a short period of comparative success or for a really successful creative person like Turner to travel into a extremely personal late manner and perplex even his supporters. If Romantic artistic civilization reveled in alienation, depression and self-destruction, the age of Romanticism was the first in European history where poets and creative persons either committed self-destruction in important Numberss or lived so recklessly and self-destructively that they many died prematurely. The Political, Economic, and Social Background for Romanticism Among the of import stuff alterations in the ulterior 18th century were the overthrowing of monarchies in the American and Gallic Revolutions, the sense that tribunal civilization had either collapsed or lost its claim to hegemony, extremist agricultural transmutation, rural out-migration, and rapid urbanisation, the rise of a capitalist economic system and its acceleration with the Industrial Revolution ( as comparatively independent provincials and craftsmans became an uprooted, fringy labor ) , and the growing of an progressively powerful urban in-between category in major metropoliss. All such rapid alteration and the eroding of stable communities fractured traditional individualities and spurred the dying hunt for new values and vocabularies in which meaningful individuality could be grounded. In many ways, the Gallic Revolution was the apogee of the Enlightenment motion with its boundless religion in ground, societal and political technology, and the ability of human brings to convey approximately historical advancement and ever-higher degrees of civilisation. Not surprisingly, the prostration of the Gallic Revolution into the overzealous and barbarous old ages of the Terror, the treachery of republicanism under the imperial wars of Napoleon, and the Restoration of a monarchy after Napoleon s licking, triggered a generational loss of religion in ground, Enlightenment values, and Revolutionary political relations. ( This is clear plenty in Goya s response to the civil war in Spain. ) One side of this disenchantment was the Romantic retreat from political battle into a intentionally private, notional, at times, eccentric universe of the imaginativeness. This inward bend ballad at the bosom of Romantic phantasy, crudeness, Orientalism, captivation with force, and gustatory sensation for barbarian natures and foreign civilizations. Enlightenment Reason and Romantic Feeling The dual catastrophe of the Gallic Revolution and Napoleon besides made it clear that unreason and savageness were strong constituents of human nature, possibly even more powerful than ground. If the Enlightenment conceived the existence and human nature as a elephantine, orderly clock, a Godhead mechanism which could be rationally analyzed, comprehended, and managed, the catastrophe of the greatest Enlightenment experiment in societal technology the Gallic Revolution inspired a generational reaction among Romantic creative persons and authors against Enlightenment ground and useful thought. Therefore the German Romantic poet, Friedrich Schlegel argued that world had to set aside the construct of an ageless, unchanging, changeless being and put in its topographic point the opposing construct of that which is everlastingly living and going . The Gallic painter, Delacroix even compared picture to new signifiers of German Romantic music: both were higher than thought ; and both are superior to literature in their vagueness . Prior to the Romantics, most authors argued that the subjects of great literature ennobled picture and allowed it to lift to the exalted degree of history picture . And when music was hailed as a theoretical account for picture, it was a tightly structured Renaissance or Baroque, tribunal music said to represent a higher, telling ground. Delacroix seized on a new Romantic music ( late Beethoven, Chopin, etc. ) which emphasized look and feeling as the theoretical account for a new, intentionally obscure picture. If history picture offered expansive statements, Romantic art aimed at a more formless, vague universe of suggestion, dream, and revery. The unconscious head was hailed as superior. So excessively, Romantics praised the suggested instead than the defined, the fragmentary instead than the whole, the vague instead than the clear as the truest contemplations and representations of being. Romanticism as a Critical Mode within Enlightenment Europe The widespread Romantic rejection of Enlightenment reason took on a peculiar border because it coincided historically with the rapid spread of Enlightenment values through many sectors of European society, particularly rational countries such as scientific discipline and engineering and overlapping administrative countries such as authorities, urban planning, architecture, instruction, concern and the reorganisation of labour within early industrial capitalist economy. Even high faith became more rational in the 19th century. Given the societal, economic and political alterations which coincided with the rise of Romanticism in poesy, music, art, and doctrine, it makes no sense historically to see Romanticism in the traditional but simplistic footings of art as a mirror of its age . A richer and more historical apprehension of Romanticism emerges one time we conceive of it as a complex and contradictory response to on-going alterations in a assortment of domains with a series of c ontinual exchanges between different domains and groups. Understood in these footings, one can retrieve a more interesting and dynamic apprehension of Romanticism and the manner it bit by bit unfolded, reacting to other events merely as it was, in bend, transformed by them. This besides makes it easier to see how elements of Romanticism were taken up within all countries of civilization and society including the very bastions of Enlightenment utilitarianism which Romantic poesy and picture attacked: industrial capitalist economy. Wordsworth may hold spent a life-time observing an intensely religious Communion with an stainless nature far from polluted, industrialised metropoliss but the really stray bungalow where he lived and the leisure he enjoyed to compose such traveling poesy was paid for by a wealthy, urban industrialist who liberally subsidized Wordsworth as a mastermind . Once we move beyond the reductive thought that art is a mirror of society , we can see how Romanticism with its profound disaffection from Enlightenment value s grew, paradoxically, out of the really spread of those values within a larger procedure of economic, political, and societal restructuring. To do affairs still more complex and interesting, one can reason that the Romantic cult of nature itself, was, at least in some ways, an extension of an earlier, Enlightenment political orientation of nature even if the Romantics drastically redefined what they meant by nature . One manner to see the Romantic roots in Enlightenment thought is to see the Enlightenment itself as a transitional period which accidentally paved the manner for really different Romantic attitudes to emerge subsequently. Here one might observe how the Enlightenment bit by bit finished off traditional tribunal civilization and replaced it with a new political orientation of nature and human ground which was less hierarchal ( without making off with all signifiers of hierarchy ) . It was, in portion, the blue, internal failure of the Gallic Revolution which prompted the later Romantic disaffection against all signifiers of ground and to re-explain ground itself as a now unnatural autocrat falsely imposed by societal convention and corrupt tradition ( civilisation ) onto nature and human nature. The Romantics replaced the Enlightenment religion in a rational nature nature as natural ground with a new antithesis between nature and ground. And they mounted their ain cultural revolution aimed at subverting ground s dictatorship wherever it appeared ( except, for the most portion, in gender dealingss ) . For all of the crisp differences between Enlightenment and Romantic believing about nature, political relations, society, ground, and human nature, the extremist Romantic mystique of nature could neer hold developed unless the Enlightenment had foremost opened the door to a new sense of nature as supreme authorization and a foil to a corrupt ( courtly ) c ivilisation. The elusive ties between Enlightenment nature and Romantic nature are peculiarly clear in the altering response of the major Enlightenment mind, Rousseau. No mind did more to specify and popularise a true, crude, good nature and human nature opposed to a corrupt, modern civilisation . In the eighteenth-century, Rousseau s thoughts served the Enlightenment review of a corrupt nobility ( and were therefore really popular among progressive blue bloods ) . In the Romantic period, Rousseau s popularity grew even more though his mystique of nature was reinterpreted in unquestionably Romantic footings to call on the carpet all signifiers of oppressive ground. Romanticism and the Ongoing Breakdown of Traditional History Painting In the domain of artistic pattern, these larger societal and cultural alterations contributed to the sense of a serious if non complete dislocation in traditional history picture with its blue vocabularies of signifier ( heroic, expansive, ideal ) and capable affair ( spiritual, fabulous, historical ) . Even those who managed to resuscitate new signifiers of history picture for a clip such as David were illustrations of a new claim to single vision which was deeply at odds with any impression of history picture. For history picture was ever a comprehensive system of manner and subject, a set of regulations and conventions within a larger artistic system ranking the assorted genres of art ( such as portrayal, genre, landscape, and still-life ) . Constantly, the first creative person to claim such artistic freedom David was still tied to a whole series of traditional impressions about art embodied in his conservative effort to reinvent and deliverance history painting for his ain clip. But the really following coevals of creative persons the Romantics were free to travel much further and abandon the larger undertaking of traditional history picture in favour of an art whose high value was implicitly tied to original personal vision and feeling . Systems, regulations, conventions, rational orders, and traditional history painting all crumbled before the Romantic cult of the single mastermind , the creative person who intentionally strove to interrupt regulations, to work outside of convention , to contrive whole new vocabularies, to redefine art every coevals, to floor and arouse, even to antagonise the audience. Without noticing on the new cult of single mastermind, the painter and art professor, Heinrich Fuseli described the practical impossibleness of bring forthing history picture in a modern universe every bit early as 1830. The efficient cause why higher art [ history painting ] at present is sunk to such a province of inaction and dreaminess that it may be doubted whether it will be much longer, is non a peculiar one, which private backing, or the will of an person, nevertheless great, can take ; but a general cause, founded on the set, the manners, wonts, manners of a state and non of one state entirely, but of all who at present make-believe to civilization. Our age, when compared with former ages, has but small juncture for great plants and that is the ground why so few are produced: the aspiration, activity, and spirit of public life is shrunk to the minute item of domestic agreements every thing that surrounds us tends to demo us in private, is become snug, less, narrow, reasonably, undistinguished. We are non, possibly, the less happy on history of all this ; but from such selfish dalliance to anticipate a system of Art built on magnificence, without a entire revolution, would merely be less a ssumptive than insane. Here in a nutshell was the job if all nineteenth-century art, a job whose larger, societal beginnings systematically frustrated single creative persons attempts to get the better of it. The Romantic creative persons hunt for modern options to history painting capable of some approximately tantamount earnestness and larger, communal entreaty were besides disrupted by internal contradictions, particularly the tenseness between the hunt for the universal and the insisting that artistic truth was deeply single, was beyond convention, academic direction, techniques, and methods. With altering societal conditions and the decease of traditional history picture, the quandary for Romantics ( and all modern creative persons ) was how to make an art of modern life which could stand strongly in the centre of a civilization and draw together its assorted societal groups into a higher set of values. Ironically, the Romantic insisting on anchoring artistic truth in extremely personal manners made all efforts to hammer common civilizations debatable at best and doomed from the start at worst. THE PROBLEM OF DEFINING ROMANTICISM Romanticism is non a manner but instead a loose aggregation of contradictory attitudes towards the universe and towards art. In general, Romanticism struggled within two opposing yet related poles. One side of the Romantic mind sought to face the modern universe straight and more wholly by utilizing replete and feeling. This was the Romanticism of political picture, landscape, and animate being picture the Romanticism which turned away from traditional topics toward concrete, nonsubjective worlds which could be known straight. The other side of the Romantic mind left empirical experience as excessively mundane and soared off into the highs of poetic illusion and airy imaginativeness. This was the Romanticism of Orientalist picture, or abstract, twirling brushwork and composing, and wild, distant topics in clip and infinite. What linked them both was a committedness to subjective feeling -an emotion which deepened the empirical response to the universe beyond the analytical distance of Enlightenment ground and which fueled the wildest flights of the poetic imaginativeness. Empirical and fanciful Romanticism besides shared a new subjectiveness of reliable single experience for empiricists like Constable and of personal feeling for more fanciful painters like Turner and Delacroix. These poles would tag the extremes for European modern civilization for the following two centuries. The wining motion of Realism, for illustration, rejected Romantic imaginativeness and the projection of what it saw as an inordinate feeling onto the universe. Yet Realism continued the Romantic committedness to doing profoundly felt art out of modern experience, confronted with a new straightness. The Impressionists continued the Realist committedness to doing art out of modern life while the Postimpressionists, Symbolists, Fauvists, Expressionists, Constructivists, Surrealists, and Abstract Expressionists wholly reacted against modern empirical thought in favour of the airy imaginativeness and crude inherent aptitudes foremost extolled by Romantics like Delacroix and Turner. The Self as Truth For the Romantics, genuineness and significance came from the single individual s emotional/imaginative response to the universe instead than from canonical orders of capable affair and organize bing outside the ego. In straight pass oning these personal feelings to the single spectator, from one bosom to another as Beethoven put it, Romantic art frequently developed a self-generated, unsmooth, unelaborated, fanciful, personal, coloristic, expressive manner. Romanticism took the sincere ego of Rousseau and the ulterior 18th century and opposed it much more aggressively, even tragically, to society and societal convention. The late Enlightenment true ego became more radically individualized, more lone, more true to itself and more wrapped up in its ain higher truth. While earlier authors traveling back to the Renaissance defined mastermind as a great endowment capable of flexing the regulations, the Romantic mastermind purportedly operated outside all regulations in following his or her ain god-like, personal vision or inspiration. In this sense, the new Romantic thought of mastermind was a heightened, aesthetic look of the new Romantic thought of the true ego, communing in purdah with a true, good, lone nature. Though we take it for granted today that art is a affair of personal look, no one of all time thought this before the Romantics. For all its self-aware cultivation of originality and personal manners, Renaissance, Baroque, and eighteenth-century art ever worked within a unquestionably impersonal system of conventions and shared vocabularies. It worked to pass on in public ways non to show feelings from one private ego to another. The new thought of art as look signaled the prostration of art as a shared cultural system and the rise of a new political orientation of the alienated, independent, disconnected, airy, expressive ego. If you can understand the distinctive feature, freshness, and debatable nature of art as look, you understand much of Romanticism. Romantic Nature as Lone Self and Higher Vision The new lone ego of Romanticism was precariously anchored in a strange, new sort of Romantic nature whose deepest truths were most comprehendible to the new lone, anomic, anti-social ego, the visionary, poetic ego, the Romantic mastermind . The Romantic ego and the Romantic thought of nature are peculiarly clear the instance of Wordsworth ( or Friedrich ) . Though an urban poet composing for educated urban readers, Wordsworth lived in a little bungalow in the English countryside non because he wanted to take part in rural life but because he wanted the new freedom and genuineness of the Romantic ego. Sequestered in the purdah of his bungalow and freed from everyday professional and economic restraints by the private stipend of an industrialist deeply impressed with his mastermind, Wordsworth lived out the Romantic dream of a lone, true ego life in an uninhabited nature where he could uncover, through his ain private airy work, the deeper truths of nature . Ironically, Wordsworth s countrified scenes were merely every bit inhabited as any other portion of the English countryside. But they remained uninhabited for him because he avoided the local community, closing himself up in an fanciful, lone nature of the Romantic ego. His poesy was every bit cut off from any local life. As ever in landscape art and poesy, Wordworth s nature was an sphere for discoursing modern-day urban jobs, anxiousnesss, and values and was aimed at a urban audience. The Collapse of Reason and the Higher Truth of the Imagination Rejecting a rational, Enlightenment attack to world and the businessperson contentedness with domestic amenitiess, everyday things and material impressions of wellbeing, the Romantic sees world as obscure, dense, cryptic, subjectively experient, fragmental, of all time altering, impossible to specify or rationally grok. The unsmooth, unfinished study and fragmental position best amount up this world. The really egg-shaped nature of the universe along with the rejection of businessperson philistinism impel the Romantic creative person to a higher, more religious ( and sometimes escapist ) universe of imaginativeness, dreams, and art as a new faith. The foreign, the alien, the barbarian, the monstrous, the instinctual and the carnal all take on new entreaty in Romanticism. Distance from the thing painted is indispensable to its realisation as a higher, fanciful truth. As Delacroix wrote in his Journal, the best manner to depict a pleasant spot of state is to populate in a boring metropolis and to see the sky merely from an Attic window I did nt get down to make anything passable in my trip to Africa until the minute when I had sufficiently forgotten little inside informations, and so remembered the contact and poetic side of things for my images ; up to that point, I was pursued by the love of exactness, which the bulk of people mistake for truth. The Truth of Feeling and Direct Experience If Romanticism emerged out of a fall ining Enlightenment civilization in the early 19th century, its disaffection from Enlightenment values undermined any religion in exalted abstractions and ideals. World and truth were relocated sharply in specifics, direct experience, natural crude nature, and personal feelings. For the first clip, the peculiar and the radically isolated ego became the new gage of the universal. Common, even ugly topics ( natural landscape, provincials, animate beings ) were now appropriate for the highest art and replaced spiritual figures and fabulous heroes. While this bend toward a direct, splanchnic, physical-emotional connection to the environing universe was, at times, opposed to the Romantic flight into the fanciful and antic, it was deeply connected to all such fanciful retreat in its extremist subjectiveness and empiricist philosophy, its impression of truth as the direct experience of the ego. It is the first class within Romanticism defined above which allows one to see how the 2nd and 3rd classs are linked. This does non intend that the Romantic universes of fanciful feeling and of concrete experience can be collapsed into a individual, consistent outlook. On the contrary, my 2nd and 3rd classs make more sense as opposing sides of one coin, joined in certain of import ways but perpetually in struggle with each other. This struggle or tenseness between imagination/vision and concrete, single experience is particularly clear in the work of Gericault, Delacroix, Turner, and Friedrich.

Why the Great Depression Occurred

Introduction As observed by Romer (2003), â€Å"the great depression took place in the late 1920s to the late 1930s and was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced in the industrialized Western world† (p 1). The world wide economic downturn that originated from the United States was characterized by massive decline in output, widespread unemployment, and acute deflation in most economies across the globe (Romer, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why the Great Depression Occurred – a Public Budgeting Stand Point specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the timing and magnitude significantly varied in various regions across the world with some parts of the world such as United States being adversely affected while other regions were mildly hit. In the United States, the great depression set off in 1929 and continued until early 1933 where it was set on a road to recovery but these efforts unfortunately failed and the American economy was highly characterized by drastic falls in prices and real output (Romer, 2003). In addition, the industrial production of the country’s economy fell by 47% while the real gross domestic product fell by 30% and the whole sale price declined by 33% resulting into deflation; further, the unemployment rate is believed to have exceeded 20% which negatively impacted on the purchasing power of the individuals consequently reducing aggregate demand (Romer, 2003). Poverty and despair were the main features of the great depression in American region with most people being unable to access the basic needs of food, decent clothing and shelter and relying on aid from charity organizations (Burgan, 2001). The depression was the worst to ever hit the nation and when president Franklin D. Roosevelt brought new policies and ideas to Washington, there was a link of optimism in the region but this was short lived since the depr ession worsened in 1938 and did not end until the country went into world war ll in 1941 (Burgan, 2001). Factors That Led To the Great Depression The prevailing government policies at the time highly facilitated the occurrence of depression and the failure and derailment in recovery of major economies. From 1929-1933, the American economy experienced substantial reduction in money supply from the federal reserves (Edwards, 2005). This, coupled with subsequent bank failures served to intensify monetary contraction in the economy and destabilize the economy which precipitated the occurrence of depression (Edwards, 2005). Scholars believe that substantial decline in money supply which was attributed to Federal Reserve decisions had severe contractionary effects on overall output in the economy as well aggregate demand (Romer, 2003).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This may have si gnificantly influenced people’s decisions to spend as there was widespread fear and uncertainties with consumers and business owners anticipating decreases in wages and prices in the future (Romer, 2003). To further worsen the situation, most states prohibited banks from diversifying their portfolios across jurisdictions which significantly promoted bank failures while in countries like Canada which allowed nationwide bank branching, incidences of bank failures during the period were not experienced (Edwards, 2005). Bank failures led to widespread bank panics across the American economy whereby depositors lost confidence in the solvency of banks consequently withdrawing their deposits from banks (Romer, 2003). Increased withdrawals by depositors forced banks to liquidate loans in order to raise the required money which served to increase bank failure in United States (Romer, 2003). The early 1920s was characterized by tax reductions which facilitated economic boom in the Amer ican economy during the period (Edwards, 2005). However, President Hoover signed a revenue act in 1932 which created a provision for significant tax increment in the region increasing the tax rate from 25% to 63% while President Roosevelt further increased individual and corporate taxes with the highest individual rate increasing to 79% (Edwards, 2005). The tax increment killed the laborers’ incentives for work as well as investment and entrepreneurship consequently reducing the amount of spending which intensified the effects of depression and frustrated the efforts of recovery (Edwards, 2005). In addition, the Smoot-Hawley trade act which had been established to boost farm incomes by reducing foreign competition in agricultural production in America may have played a significant role in reducing world trade during the period of depression (Edwards, 2005). The trade act had raised import tariffs to an average of 59% on more than twenty five thousand products which prompted o ther countries to retaliate by imposing increased restrictions on United States’ products consequently reducing trade such that by 1933 the overall international trade had reduced by two thirds of the level prevalent before the recession (Edwards, 2005). However, some scholars believe that this policy had minimal significance in the occurrence of the depression but may have contributed to extreme decline in world price of raw materials which resulted in severe balance of payment problems for primary products exporting countries (Romer 2003). Another damaging trend that may have facilitated the occurrence of the depression was the prevalent inequality in wealth distribution whereby in 1929, the richest 24000 families in the US owned 34% of all the monetary savings in the country while an approximate 21 million families lacked any savings (Burgan, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why the Great Depression Occurred – a Public Budgeting Stand Point specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, only few Americans could afford to locally produce goods despite the fact that factories kept on producing goods which led to under consumption which further led to the weakening of the economy (Burgan, 2001). Conclusion The great depression caused devastating effects to major economies of the world and adversely affected international trade. Numerous measures implemented by the government proved fruitless in containing the situation and the contemporary economies should learn from this occurrence in order to avoid incidences of depression in the current dynamic economy. Reference List Burgan, M. (2001). The Great Depression. Minneapolis: Compass Point Books. Edwards, C. (2005). The Government and the Great Depression. Retrieved from https://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/tbb-0508-25.pdf Romer, D. C. (2003). Great Depression. Web. This research paper on Why the Great Depression Occurred – a Public Budgeting Stand Point was written and submitted by user Arielle R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s essays

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s essays Several factors contributed to the rise of the African-American protests leading to the civil rights movement in the 1950's. A prominent factor in the shaping of the Civil Rights Movement was the legacy of World War II. After the black men and women served in the military or worked in war plants, they developed a broader view of their place in the world than compared to their isolated lives in the 1940's. Another important factor is that the urban black middle class began to grow and flourish after the war. Most of the drive and force for the civil right movement came from leaders of urban black communities-ministers, educators, professionals, and many black students from universities and colleges. Television, media and other forms of culture were another factors in the rising consciousness of racism in America. This generation was constantly reminded more than any other generation before, of how the white Americans lived and how unequal and unjust the African Americans were treated . Television showed demonstrations on a national level, causing activism in one community to spread to others, and inspire similar protests. Another prominent factor in the shaping of the Civil Rights Movement was the arrival of Cold War politics. After the war, the United States was in a difficult situation in regards to the present international concern for civil rights. Foreign delegates from the United Nations were able to witness the degree of racial discrimination present in the United States. This was an embarrassment to Americans, who were trying to present the United States as a model nation to the world. Black Americans began to reach out to the world for help, criticizing the US Government through various forms of articles and public speeches. Black leaders spoke openly about the cruelty and inhumanity in the United States. Comments such as these attracted the attention of many people across the world, ultimately ruining the United States' fo...

Brown vs. Texas

Brown vs. Texas Criminal Procedure and the Constitution Due date 5/May/2012 Brown vs. Texas was a case heard by the Supreme Court in 1979. It determined that the defendants arrest in El Paso Texas, for refusal to identify himself in a high crime area, was not based on a reasonable suspicion and violated Mr. Brown’s fourth amendment rights. This was an important case for the stop and identifies statutes in the United States. One afternoon a police cruiser was driving downtown and noticed two men walking away from one another in an alley in an area with a high incidence of drug traffic. The Officer stopped Mr. Brown and asked him to identify himself and explain why he was in the alley. Mr. Brown refused to identify himself and was arrested for violating a Texas statute which makes it a criminal act for a person to refuse to give his name and address to an officer who has lawfully stopped him and requested the information. Mr. Brown was convicted and fined for violating the Texas statute. Mr. Brown appealed his case to the Supreme Court on the grounds that the Texas statute that required him to identify himself to the Officer was a violation of his fourth Amendment rights. The officers did not have any reasonable suspicion to believe that Mr. Brown was engaged or had engaged in criminal conduct. The Supreme Court heard the case and overturned the decision citing the precedent set in the Terry vs. Ohio case. It stated that Detaining appellant to require him to identify himself constituted a seizure of his person subject to the requirement of the Fourth Amendment that the seizure be reasonable. (Cf. Terry v. Ohio). The Supreme Court also stated that the officer’s actions were not justified on the ground that they had a reasonable suspicion, based on objective facts, that he was involved in criminal activity. The Supreme Court overturned the conviction.

Analytical Chafetz & Nelson and Toomeys essays Essay

Analytical Chafetz & Nelson and Toomeys essays - Essay Example Morris E. Chafetz, in â€Å"The 21-Year-Old Drinking Age: I Voted for it; It Doesnt Work,† and Toben F. Nelson, and Traci L. Toomey, in â€Å"The Drinking Age of 21 Saves Lives,† adopt opposing views on this issue. Chafetz argues that the MLDA of 21 â€Å"has not worked,† and is not linked to reduced drunk-driving fatalities (7). He holds that enforcing a minimum legal age for drinking does not take into consideration the deaths caused by alcohol off the highways, and drives teenagers to binge drinking in unsupervised surroundings. On the other hand, Nelson and Toomey take the position that the MLDA of 21 has reduced drinking-related deaths, and decreased binge-drinking in underage college students. Although both authors have credibility and are knowledgeable and logical about the subject, and Chafetz is more accommodating of opposing viewpoints, Nelson and Toomey make a more convincing argument as their stand is supported by extensive references to research stud ies. Both the essays are authored by writers with impeccable credentials. Chafetz is a credible speaker in the MLDA debate, as he is the founder of the National Institute for Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse and The Health Education Foundation in Washington. His reputation is further bolstered by the fact that he was a member of the Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving, Director and Executive Member of the National Commission against Drunk Driving and the Presidential appointee at The White House Conference for a Drug-Free America. He is also a Doctor of Psychiatry, with a long history of association with social issues, such as alcoholism and drug abuse. Chafetz’s credentials are more than matched by Nelson and Toomey, who belong to the University of Minnesota’s School of Public Health. Their argument is further supported by a group of academicians and researchers. The reputation of the writers contributes to the trustworthiness of the essays and makes them both credible. Similarly, both the essays

Cloud computing (Opportunities and concerns (security)) Essay

Cloud computing (Opportunities and concerns (security)) - Essay Example Cloud computing greatly scales down the business resources, this is because you do not have to own these resources but you can get them through the web. These resources include software and business applications, development and runtime platforms and infrastructure (Hauck et al 2010). Hayes (2010) describes this phenomenon as programs and data being transferred from personal computers and corporate server rooms and being installed in constellations or clouds. He cites an example of making an excel spreadsheet using Google docs. In this case you may not have the software installed in your computer but you can access it over the web services and web APIs. Cloud computing has come with several opportunities especially for the business people but there has also been several security concerns over this innovation. This paper discusses the opportunities availed by cloud computing and also the security concerns. 1.1 Opportunities 1.1.1 Time to market products and services can be reduced Clo ud computing provides businesses with an opportunity to market their products via the services available on the internet. The old method was that one had to use the computer software to publish posters to advertise their products and services. These posters had then to be distributed to the potential consumers. However, businesses can now use cloud based systems such as emails, Facebook and Twitter to market their products and services. I think this is a good opportunity for businesses that have embraced technology. 1.1.2 Reduction in cost of IT investment Cloud computing offer businesses and organizations an opportunity to reduce on their cost of investing in information and technology. Traditionally, businesses, individuals or organizations had to install the software they required and maintain them. This software comes with a price and they may need regular updates. The software may also crash and lead to lose of all your data. The introduction of cloud marketing has reduced the risks and costs in information technology. The software or programs are available over the internet and you only pay on demand. You do not need to pay for the maintenance cost and the risk of data loss is greatly reduced. However, I think cloud computing also needs some investment in IT. 1.1.3 Reduction of barrier of entrance The introduction of cloud computing is a game changer for rules of competition in the business sector. Traditionally, only large business could manage to own and use computer services and programs in their business activities because of the cost of installation and maintenance. Cloud avails the infrastructure to all business on rent. This offers small and medium enterprises an opportunity to efficiently use the infrastructure and enjoy the benefits as large firms. With that, the platform of competition will be levelled. This might be true, but it is my view that it is the already established companies that can better utilize the opportunity of cloud

European colonization Essay Example for Free

European colonization Essay Religion was a key factor for the European colonization but these events were all started by the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation triggered the events leading to the persecution of many people in many European countries. The Protestant Reformation was caused by Martin Luther and he opposed the church and made his own Lutheran Church. People all over Europe were inspired to make their own churches and religious beliefs which made religious persecution occur in many of the countries because they tried to suppress the rebellion of the Protestants. Religion had a profound effect on colonization because the Protestant Reformation caused great turmoil which lead to the persecution and conversion of the New World. Certain groups of religions were persecuted for the way they believed such as the Puritans and Huguenots after the Protestant Reformation. The Puritans arose after King Henry split from the Catholic Church because he could not get a divorce from his wife so he made the Anglican Church which led to the creation of these Puritans. The Puritans wanted to purify the Anglican Church of all the Catholic beliefs which caused much of England furious with these people and lead to the persecution of these people. The Pilgrims were a group of Puritans who were known as Separatists who wanted to break away from the Anglican Church and found the colony of Plymouth. Another group of Puritans followed John Winthrop who was convinced there was no future in England for Puritans made a joint-stock company called the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the colony of Massachusetts with several towns and a capital named Boston. This lead to even more colonization as conditions worsened in England which made thousands flock to the colonies which is known as the â€Å"Great Migration†. Even in these colonies which were found to stop persecution and have religious tolerance there was still persecution and this led to the creation of more colonies and so forth many people were banished from Massachusetts and made colonies of their own due to this religious persecution. The Huguenots were French Protestants which led to colonization of the New World by the French because in that time France was mainly a Catholic country and under King Louis XIV one million people settled South Carolina, while other found sanctuary in Rhode Island, New York, and Virginia. The religious freedom of some of the colonies brought many other people from different countries which increased colonization as well such as the Scots-Irish, Germans, and etc. Religious persecution brought people from all the European empires to the New World. The Spanish and French wanted to convert these â€Å"Indians† in to Catholicism so they could be favored by God as a holy country and were inspired to spread. This was also one of the main reasons the Spanish Monarchs wanted to colonize the New World. There were missions built all over New Spain so they could convert these Natives which indirectly made the Spanish colonies spread throughout much of what is now Latin America and the South-west region of the U. S. There was also a road that linked these missions together is what is now modern day California known as El Camino Real or the Royal Highway which spread the Spanish Colonies. There were also Jesuit priests who went to some of the farthest reaches or most hostile parts of New Spain to convert these Natives which spread these colonies further as the Jesuits built more and more missions in various places that were not yet colonized. These Jesuits also worked with the French to convert these Native Americans to Christianity in the New France region. They were known as â€Å"black robes† by the Natives and the Jesuits tried to live with the Natives and convert them to the Catholic Faith. They also built missions in the New France region making New France larger as they converted more Natives. This increase in land allowed the people to spread and populate more land so more settler arrived. The Spanish and French kingdoms were driven to convert these Native Americans and this allowed them to spread in more and more land available so more people came and colonized New Spain and New France. This urge to colonize and convert was caused the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation made the events and steps which caused the church to be severed and caused conflict and persecution all over the European empires. People were inspired by Martin Luther bravery and made their own churches to defy the Catholic Church as it got weaker. This created the urge for most of the empires to convert the natives and spread. Religion had a profound effect on colonization because the Protestant Reformation caused great turmoil which lead to the persecution and conversion of the New World.

Western Perceptions of the American Indian Essay -- Indians Native Ame

Western Perceptions of the American Indian In this reflective essay, I discuss how the Europeans perceived the American Indians and the factors that shaped these perceptions. I have paid particular attention to the first-hand accounts of the encounters with the natives, written by Western explorers, missionaries, and visitors to the New World. It is particularly interesting to note how these accounts were distorted and exploited by different groups, each trying to mold the situation in their own way. We shall start with a reflection on cannibalism, and the myriad myths it engendered, since it can be argued that nothing about the Indians alienated the Europeans as much as this bizarre practice. Cannibalism, formally known as anthropophagy, was an anathema to Europeans armed with Christian precepts about morality and kindness to one’s fellow man. It was evidence of these acts that served to perpetuate many of the negative portrayals of the Indians that spread throughout the old continent. While the Europeans were certainly disgusted by cannibalism, nevertheless, it still served to intrigue them. Indeed, many explorers, upon arriving at the Americas, sought to witness it for themselves. We can deduce from these tales that there is something inherently exotic about the concept of eating human flesh that has captivated the human imagination for millennia. The noted anthropologist William Arens is known to have said that â€Å"Cannibalism is so good to think about that the human appetite is not easily satisfied.† Some theorists have suggested that myths of cannibalism were exploited to demonize those whom the Westerners sought to colonize. (Some radical historians even propose that tales of cannibalism may have been mere fabri... ...--------------------------------- [1] Kimberle S. Lopez, Latin American Novels of the Conquest (London: University of Missouri Press, 2002) 30. [2] Geoffrey Symcox, ed. Italian Reports on America 1493-1522: Letters, Dispatches, and Papal Bulls. (Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2001) 43. [3] Bartholome de las Casas, Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies. (1542) [4] Michel de Montaigne, â€Å"Of Cannibals†, In Selected Essays of Montaigne, trans. Donald M. Frame. (New York: Walter J. Black, 1943) 85-6. [5] Lynn Glaser, America on Paper: The First Hundred Years (Philadelphia: Associated Antiquaries, 1989) 161. [6] Bart L. Lewis, The Miraculous Lie: Lope de Aguirre and the Search for El Dorado in the Latin American Historical Novel (New York: Lexington Books, 2003) 8. [7] Lewis 12.

Building an Ethical organization in a mental health association Essay

Our organization is a Mental Health Association of Kentucky which is a private organization having countrywide membership and board of directors who in essence represents the diverse cultures of Kentucky. It is an association that falls under the category of health care industry. It is believed to be the oldest mental health support group in the whole commonwealth. Its mission is to support and provide education, information and undertaking out research directed at the prevention and curing mental related diseases. The main aim of MHAKY is to offer informational services all over Kentucky that will assist in the improvement and understanding of individual’s desires and they mostly focus on helping the mentally sick people in ensuring that they live healthy and active lives thus those individuals can achieve their goals like each and every person in the world. Our Vision The organization is to attain a kind and healthy community whereby the public is given value, self-respect, and the chance to accomplish their complete potential without stigmatization and discrimination. The challenge of this organization has always been the desire to be international in scope, currently we only serve the people of Kentucky. This have been a challenge to the entire management of MHAKY as we have the desire to be wide in scope, we would like to provide our services to all people around the globe not only to the people of Kentucky. This organization is big in size and can be said to be providing quality services to all in Kentucky and its environs. (Dale, 2001) Values statement Since it’s a big association we have many employees including subordinates staff and also a number of supervisors in the various departments in the organization. The stage in the life cycle of the organization in the health industry can be said to be at its peak because at the moment the organization is offering quality services and at the same time it has good reputation among the people living in Kentucky and especially from those who have been treated in the organization. It’s widely known organization and most of the people from all over the country always seek consultation and treatment for their relatives or friends in the organization whenever we have problems associated with mental illnesses. (Dale, 2001) Through a well organized and coordinated series of managerial activities that comprises of planning, leading, organizing, directing, and controlling of all the resources in our organization including employees in order to achieve desirable results. We achieve our success through the recruiting competent, motivated and qualified employees in order to achieve good results, good communication system in the organization, unambiguous policies, decisions and regulations, a conducive environment for working, good management, ability to adapt to any changes, an efficient board of directors and building a viable and strong culture and mission among others. Our association is a consciously co-coordinated social unit composed of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. Therefore this effectiveness is always achieved through the management functions; planning, which encompasses defining our goals by establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities, organizing, which is the determination of what tasks have to be done, who does them how the tasks are to be grouped? Who reports to whom and where decisions are to be made. Controlling, this involves monitoring the organizations performance, leading, which involves managers motivating subordinates, directing the activities to be done, selecting the most appropriate channels of communication and resolving any conflicts among our employees. (Dale, 2001) The management of MHAKY should improve on managerial activities by building people skills through friendly management and also motivation of employees. The management has also put in place enough machinations to cope with the ever changing environment and these can be evidenced because of the continuous improvements of operations and continued update of knowledge and skills by the workers through training. Also the organization has emphasized the importance of work groups in achieving results. It has been a challenge to the entire management to be effective in the activities and much need to be done including training of managers in order to cope with change in the health industry. Dale, 2001) Our structure should be clearly outlined such that the employees know what they are expected from them in the course of their duties. This will lead to reduction of conflicts between management and the workers because there will be no vague policies. The structures should be in such a way that it fits the modern world and should be adaptable by the employees.

Process Of Becoming A Radiology Professor Education Essay

Introduction I am a professor of radiology and I work in a university learning infirmary. My work is learning radiology classs for undergraduate and graduate student pupils, and developing occupants in our radiology section. The purpose of our radiology section is to be certain that the pupils will derive sufficient sum of cognition and accomplishments to be able to pattern clinical diagnosing and understanding imaging which is an built-in portion of patient direction. I am graduated since 1989 and I work in learning Radiology course of study for more than ten old ages, it ‘s interesting to look back but I will non get down from the beginning as this was many old ages ago and I will discourse what I do during instruction and reflect it for farther development. In our section, the instruction design alteration between learning basic scientific discipline such as radiological anatomy, pathology, radiobiology and radiological natural philosophies and learning radiologic imagination of assorted systems and the function of imaging in clinical direction. So I use different instruction methods which are suited to the intended acquisition results of our radiology course of study. These methods include formal talk to stress on basic scientific discipline elements, little groups learning ( like: instance survey, seminar, tutorial, conference and job based acquisition ) which is the standard instruction signifier for learning radiology course of study i n which we use different radiological images as a acquisition focal point, and clinical instruction for developing our occupants how to achieve different accomplishments of radiological scrutiny. I will concentrate my composing on job based acquisition ( PBL ) as an illustration of little group learning and on clinical instruction of radiological accomplishments.Problem based acquisitionWe apply job based acquisition as a instruction method in some parts of graduate student foundation programme ; I have a deep construct that PBL is an of import manner for learning radiology course of study due to the presence of radiological subspecialties of system based manner which is relevant to job based scheme. Barrows and Tamblyn1 suggest that â€Å" Problem-based acquisition can be defined best as the acquisition that consequences from the procedure of working towards the apprehension or declaration of a job † . Albanese and Mitchell2 provide another position â€Å" PBL at its most cardinal degree is an instructional method characterized by the usage of patient ‘s jobs as a context for pupils to larn problem-solving accomplishments and get cognition about the basic and clinical scientific discipline † . There is no individual construct about the theoretical footing of practising job based learning.3 Savin-Baden4 suggests different dimensions of job based acquisition and place that the best distinction in which the cognition, acquisition and the pupil function are manifested and conceptualized in the course of study. Self direct acquisition is an active procedure and high efficient attack for go oning medical instruction as the acquisition is based on the pupils old cognition, the new cognition and understanding which can be blended through the personal and professional context of the person.5 Spencer and Jordan6 suggested that in PBL, new cognition and understanding comes from working on the job while in traditional larning the new cognition is indispensable for working on the job. I agree with those writers and I follow self directed theory, as PBL is pupil centered larning I direct the pupils for ego acquisition and actuate them to increase their self assurance, besides I consider the old experience a utile resource for constructing more information through reading, all these make the scholar able to be confronted with many undertakings. The constructivism position of acquisition is concerned on the significance of apprehension is built up through a procedure include the specific cognition foundations and cognitive operation.7 Mayes and Freitas8 suggested that constructivism acquisition is based on cognition which must be constructed through accomplishing understanding to let pupils associate new experience to bing cognition. The constructivism is the other theory which I follow in job based acquisition by stressing on activation, constructing on old experience and prosecuting the current apprehension and the new experience through active relevant job and group interaction. With many seeking about job based acquisition, I found another construct which is illustrated by Norman and Schmidt9 who show that job based acquisition has relevant countries including: activation on anterior cognition, larning in context, amplification of cognition and fosterage of competency by utilizing speculative manner of larning. Sing the old construct, I have to concentrate more on those relevant countries which are needed for job based acquisition and are closely related to constructivism. Implanting job based larning without a prepared program about the environment of the acquisition including the function of the instructor, pupil group organisation, scenario development, making the resources and measuring pupils public presentation will take to confusion between the instructors and pupils without accomplishing PBL goals.3 First, I will analyse the function of instructor in our section, in the first meeting I apply the job scenario to the pupils which include radiological images related to the PBL object, full clinical history and related medical, surgical and pathological information. I do my best to promote all pupils to inquire inquiries which explain subjects of the scenario and steer the pupils towards developing larning aims. After spliting the undertakings on the pupils, I direct the pupils for the needed resource and assist them for research, besides I take attention about the clip allowed to the pupil ‘s research to be sufficient for their ego directed larning about the undertakings divided on them. In the 2nd meeting, the pupils return back after roll uping the needed information, I do my attempt to keep all pupils showing their new information, synthesis account and use the new acquired information into the job. As I am believing about my old public presentation, I find that sometimes I face some pupils who have loose bad attitude which cause dysfunctional group behaviours, so I have to take attention about cues which denote the disturbed behaviour inbetween the pupils, give chance to keep regular interpersonal kineticss and command the challenge degree of the pupils. In discoursing the function of the instructor as a facilitator in the tutorial of November 11 2010 ( group 2 ) , there is a argument about who is the best facilitator, I understand from it a new construct as some institute use a biomedical scientist with rich scientific discipline base as a facilitator non the clinician as they believe that the clinicians are n't really good facilitators as they may exaggerate the instance and intend to develop what they think. But in our section the radiological physician is the lone facilitator for PBL Sessionss as he about understand the radiological course of study and expected to hold facilitation accomplishments in his forte. With more deep position, I think we need more staff development to avoid troubles which may confront some of the staff in pull offing PBL Sessionss, so we have to trip our ego survey by reading more books and article about PBL direction, and use new facilitator to achieve many PBL Sessionss with another experient facilitat or. Newman3 showed that the tutorial procedure have a certain frame to let the development and pattern of cognitive and metacognitive accomplishments. There are many theoretical accounts of job based larning tutorial procedure that give greater ground tackle to observe spreads in cognition and autonomous acquisition program to achieve needful knowledge.10 When I begin a PBL session with a new scenario, I direct the pupils to research the job and analyse it to place what they do n't cognize, find which undertaking they will make and be engaged in ego directed research for cognition. At the 2nd meeting the pupils presents their new information that they have learnt from research, synthesis it and reflect this information on the procedure of acquisition. Venon and Blake11 identified that different job based acquisition showed that the feedback is limited. The feedback is related to the method by which the acquisition aims are classified between the students.3 In the tutorial of November 11 2010 ( group 2 ) in which Fred Pender was discoursing PBL, he explains the importance of PBL feedback as certain institute use four electronic equal appraisal feedback per twelvemonth and he considered peer appraisal is one of the of import transferable accomplishments which the pupils will derive during PBL, in which each pupil is able to advert the difference of other pupils attitude by giving comments about his equals to measure them with respect to their professional attitude. Sing to the old construct, we do n't use peer appraisal as an appraising method due to our limited experience about this method, but now I think we need equal preparation in peer appraisal schemes and our pupils have to larn how to execute peer appraisal to develop their accomplishments of self-appraisal. Benson etal12 suggested that for the betterment of communicating accomplishments and the development of coaction, it is best to do larning group within five and 10 members. In peculiar for keeping all pupils sharing and leting deep acquisition, in the last PBL session I divide the pupils into two groups, in each one eight pupils are involved alternatively of 16 pupils per session. In some theoretical accounts, the construction of PBL includes sharing a different pupil to ease the session. Newman3 argued that, as this reinforces the message that the pupils take the duty of acquisition and the map as a facilitator. Benson etal12 showed that when the pupils take the function of facilitator in a supporting environment, this will assist them to pattern and develop facilitation accomplishments. Looking at this construct from Benson etal position, I make the first test by using one pupil to be a chair of the group, at the start of the session the pupil chair reads the scenario and seek to promote other pupils under my supervising. Although this is the first test, I think it may actuate the group and give them more duty, but, I ca n't measure the benefit of this alteration for farther development. The job based acquisition scenario is referred to the content presented to the pupils. Evans13 stated that scenario should be written harmonizing to the class larning aims, it allows pupils to incorporate old cognition to their current cognition, encourage pupils to research the subjects through searching. Some PBL scenarios which I use in learning focused on coevals and reading of medical images like images of conventional radiology, computed imaging and magnetic resonance imagination, while other scenarios begin with simple and unfastened reappraisal of patient history followed by using more information in a consecutive manner about the diagnostic processs with several radiological images are attached to the scenario, besides sometimes we apply PBL scenarios which connect radiology to metabolic procedure by utilizing functional imagination.But in malice of the applied attempts to arouse pupil involvement and challenge, I found myself confronting of import point as during PBL learni ng there is small clip to cover basic cognition related to medical images like discoursing radiation safety and radiological natural philosophies, as most of the scenario focal point on utilizing radiological images as resources for reading. So I suppose using more job based acquisition scenario which is relevant to this topic ( like, how to look into a pregnant adult female with acute thorax hurting, as this will trip the pupil to derive necessary cognition about the consequence of radiation on the foetus and understanding the natural philosophies of different mode to get the better of this job ) . Although we apply PBL as an effectual instruction method in some parts of graduate student foundation programme but there are many practical accomplishments which are n't suited for PBL ( like, how to execute a radiological guided biopsy ) . So we have to promote our pupils to larn different practical radiological accomplishments in concurrence with other learning methods.Clinical instruction of radiological accomplishmentsSecond, I will concentrate my composing on clinical preparation of the occupants in Radiology section, Radiology differs from other fortes as trainees are working in a close apprenticeship with their supervisors for deriving cognition and accomplishments in their workplace until they can execute many processs harmonizing to their degree of residence preparation. During the occupants developing they will larn many practical and communicating accomplishments related to Radiology field. There are many theories which explain clinical instruction and preparation. In self finding, there are two primary sorts of motive: controlled motive which is brought by external force per unit area and independent motive in which the scholar has internal beliefs and interest.14 Harmonizing to self finding, our occupants spend most of their professional life-time in a specific radiological environment which is adapted to their demands as they will be motivated and interested when they become more adept in observing instances of losing diagnosing. With more deep position, I find that some of occupants with higher degree of residence preparation lose some of their motive once they move into independent pattern, so I have to take attention about keeping their internal motive by promoting their of import function in real-life pattern and actuating their feeling about the chance of doing a difference in the patient life. Kolb15 explained that larning occur in four phase rhythm and immediate experience is the base for observation and contemplation, besides he stated that for effectual larning the scholar needs four different sorts of abilities â€Å" concrete experience, brooding observation, abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation † . I follow experiential theory of kolb during occupants ‘ preparation as I involved the occupant for taking new experience ( like, go toing a session of chest x-ray reading ) , after that I guide him to detect and reflect these new experience from many positions by inquiring and believing about this new experience ( like, what this determination means, what the relation between it and other findings and if it is related to old instance findings ) , so the occupant Begin to make a construct that incorporate his observation and assisting him for naming chest X ray, after that he will be able to utilize this new applications for following thorax x- ray reading. Kolb15 suggested that experiential acquisition can get down at any of the four phases while the scholar rhythms continuously through these four phases. Following this construct, I will actuate the occupants to look in the literature and read new information ( like, reading about chest x-ray reading ) and discourse it with their colleges, to get down larning from the 3rd measure by understanding the general rules and so they will finish the rhythm. The Honey and Mumford larning manner stock list is based on Kolb ‘s learning rhythm and they identify four chief acquisition manners which are activist, reflector, theoretician and pragmatist.16 I believe that no 1 has individual preferable manner of acquisition, with following Kolb ‘s learning rhythm I found that when the occupant take a new experience he is in activist manner as he learn by engagement in an activity, but when he pass to the brooding phase he learn by reflecting and detecting on his experience, while when he get down the abstract conceptualisation phase he learn through theoretician manner by developing account of the implicit in grounds and constructs, and when he pass to the active experimentation phase he learn straight from his experience through pragmatist manner. With deep thought, I normally begin the acquisition rhythm by exposing the militant manner, but I have to direct the occupant to get down his larning at any measure of the learning rhythm as this will expose different acquisition manners which will suit him. Community of pattern emphasize on the importance of incorporating certain single in a professional community and the function of community in reinforcing and rectifying single practice.17 I follow community of pattern during my clinical instruction, as the occupant starts as an perceiver and bit by bit he becomes a participant in group activity, this occur when the occupant joins our radiology section and begins his preparation we allow him to take parts of work activity and by this manner he will get cognition and accomplishments and he will travel from legitimate peripheral participant into nucleus participant. But sometimes I find some occupants lose their involvement emmet attempt to get away from group engagement so I have to follow these occupants and apply uninterrupted encouragement to them to increase their enthusiasm and better their engagement. Ramani and Leinster16 stated that clinical instruction must present cognition and acquisition of accomplishments to the scholar and they emphasis the phases in which the scholar base on balls from unskilled to skilled which Begin by consciousness, acquisition so development and terminal by amplification. I follow the old stairss during developing the occupants, for illustration, when I teach the occupant how to make Ba survey, at first I aware the occupants about the importance of these scrutiny through active treatment as this help them in observing their spreads in cognition, so I begin to present the new information either in the tutorial, during discoursing Ba images or during executing the Ba scrutiny. Gradually the new cognition will develop and the occupants will execute the process. I normally follow my occupants during executing the process to be certain that they will come on good and for uninterrupted betterment. With respects to my public presentation, I think that my of import function is how reassign the occupant from witting incompetent phase to witting competent phase, I normally allow the occupant to inquire any inquiry and I help him for ego survey, mentoring him and follow his advancement until he can make the accomplishment, and bit by bit with more pattern and follow up the occupant will reassign into unconscious competent phase as he can execute the accomplishment without witting. But I find that some older occupants fall into unconscious unqualified phase, so I have to take attention about the occupants ‘ public presentation in all survey old ages by forcing them to continuous ego survey for more mature pattern. Understanding the psychomotor learning rules is necessary for learning clinical accomplishments, these rules are based on Taxonomy of the psychomotor sphere which are conceptualisation, visual image, verbalisation, pattern, rectification, skill command and accomplishment autonomy.18 I was believing that I follow the old rules during clinical preparation of the occupant, as at the beginning of the preparation, I perform the scrutiny in forepart of the occupant while explicating what I do and let him to inquire inquiries, after that I perform the accomplishments several times while the resident provide account about what I do and I provide rectification for any misinterpretation until I become satisfied that the resident full understand the accomplishment, so I allow the occupant to execute the scrutiny under my supervising while he describe each measure before it is taken. But when I look about my old public presentation, I find that I miss an of import phase as I do n't show the prac tical accomplishment without account and I run through this phase rapidly in malice of its importance. So I have to take attention of this measure and get down my clinical instruction by executing the process with no remark to let the occupant observe the stairss of the process which is of import for ocular scholar. Besides for suiting different acquisition manners I have to increase the resident-patient interaction as patient-centered instruction maintain the attack for visual- audile – kinaesthetic learning manner of the scholar through detecting the patient, analyzing him and transporting out radiological processs. Barrows19 defined fake patients as a â€Å" normal individual who has been carefully coached to accurately portray a specific patient when given the history and physical scrutiny † . I gain a important information about fake patient from the tutorial of October 28 2010 ( group 5a ) in which some colleges emphasize on utilizing fake patients in their infirmary after taking a specific session for developing under academic staff supervising to larn them how simulate different medical status. We do n't use utilizing fake patients during clinical instruction, but I think we have to be after to use fake patients in learning non invasive process like how to execute ultrasound scrutiny as this may ease the occupant to derive experience from normal ultrasound scrutiny before they proceed to the existent patients. There are great grounds for positive consequence of communicating accomplishments preparation, this decision is based on big figure of surveies which show that a different group of medical pupils improved their ability of questioning efficaciousness and deriving information from the patients.20 I have a construct that the relation between the radiotherapist and the patient who will undergo radiological imagination scrutiny is different from that of other clinical specializer, so for radiotherapist, larning communicating accomplishments is necessary to observe patient ‘s complain and taking attention of patient when they come for imaging. Besides I think that there is no argument about the effectivity of communicating accomplishments but existent job is how to reassign such accomplishments to the occupant through day-to-day pattern. Aspegren20 concluded that experiential methods of larning are more effectual than instructional methods. In the imagination room I become in direct contact with the patient, this relation may happen one clip or may be intermittent over long clip. I set up this relation by inquiring the patient why he is showing to the survey, discourse the process before executing it, keeping scrutiny distractions and eventually I discuss the consequences of the scrutiny to the patient. I take attention about every measure I do as the occupant will larn from my behaviour the high points of radiologist patient interaction in the radiology imaging room during these meetings. There are seven indispensable communicating accomplishments which are: â€Å" constructing the doctor-patient relationship, open the treatment, gather information, understanding the patient ‘s position, portion information, reach an understanding on job and program and supply closing † .21 As it is clear that equal patient-centered relation between the physician and patient will heighten the quality of the patient attention I normally try to keep a clear patient-centered environment. First, I respect the patient confidentiality and I avoid taking the patient history, discoursing the scrutiny or doing the process in a busy room as the scrutiny room must be safe and comfort. When I see the patient at the first clip I greet him by his name and warm smiling, I spend few proceedingss in looking to the patient with close eyes contact and stress to him that the consequences of scrutiny are wholly confidential. I ne'er rush the patient into the scrutiny and I take my clip in acq uiring the patient history, discoursing the stairss of the scrutiny and replying any obscure inquiry for him. Beck etal22 execute a systematic reappraisal of surveies of GP-patients interactions to mensurate specific behaviours faithfully and supply grounds of their influence on patients results, they found 14 surveies of verbal and eight surveies of non-verbal communicating which had an consequence on patient results. I agree with the writers about the importance of verbal phrases and organic structure linguistic communications, as I normally use verbs which evoke empathy, support, reassurance, account and sometimes wit and courtesy, but I change my verbal linguistic communication when my patient is a kid as the words which I use with kids must related to cognitive degree of the kid. I remember a old bad communicating, in which I was executing endovenous urography scrutiny to a immature kid, while I asked the kid to make full his vesica like a balloon he become so hard-pressed as he believe his vesica will detonate. After this clip, I make a frame of mentions which are easy understood by th e kid. Many observations show that there is no individual communicating accomplishment but different facet of patient and physician interaction demand to be learnt.20 Many radiological processs distress the patients like executing radiologic guided interventional processs, with this patient I direct him during explicating the scrutiny and depict the feeling and esthesis of what he might experience, this is what I think it may better the patient hurt along the processs, but I need more betterment in my communicating attack as I do n't take uninterrupted patient feedback or peer group feedback to measure my public presentation with the patients. So I have to turn out my communicating accomplishments by thoughtful contemplation from revising patient and peer feedback, and taking more classs in communicating accomplishments. Miller 23 suggested a celebrated pyramid for appraisal of scholar ‘s clinical competency, this pyramid is formed of four degree, at the lowest degree of the pyramid is knowledge ( knows ) , followed by competency degree ( knows how ) , so public presentation degree ( shows how ) and terminal by action ( does ) . In my construct, the ambitious function of the clinical instructor is how to measure the pupil public presentation at the highest degree of the pyramid in the workplace, in which the patient attention take the precedence and clinical instructor has to detect the occupants interaction with the patient. I normally observe the resident clinical accomplishment ‘s public presentation at the imagination room when he fix the patient for scrutiny, do the process under my supervising or make it independently, besides I take attention about the resident behaviour during patient interaction. After that I give my occupant a frequent feedback about his public presentation, whi ch is non judgmental, descriptive non give voicing feedback ( like ; when the patient was stating you about the site of her abdominal hurting, you are concentrated on ultrasound screen and you do n't look at her ) , besides I try to depict his behaviour which can be changed in little measures and promote any helpful cues he do. I try to be supportive to my occupant by avoiding unfavorable judgment signifier of the feedback which makes the occupant blamed or rejected. Sing my public presentation, I ever do my best for detecting and follow up the occupants and give them feedback about their public presentation, but in some occasions I hesitate in giving negative feedback to some occupants who view negative feedback as a personal onslaught and reject it. So I think that we must set up more positive acquisition environment in which errors are acknowledged and feedback is accepted, besides I have to assist the occupants to understand the benefits of effectual feedback as when they take insight about what they do either well or hapless, they know where they are in comparing to where they must to be and what they must make.

Harrison Surname Meaning and Origin

Harrison Surname Meaning and Origin Harrison is a patronymic surname meaning son of Harry. The given name Harry is a derivation of Henry, itself a derivation of the Germanic name Heimirich, which means home ruler, from the elements heim or home and ric, meaning power, ruler. Like many patronymic surnames, the surnames HARRISON and HARRIS are often found used interchangeably in early records - sometimes within the same family. Harrison is the 38th most common surname in England and 123rd most common surname in the United States. Surname Origin:  English Alternate Surname Spellings:  HARISON, HARRESON, HARRISEN, HARRIS, HARRISSON, HARRYSON, HARRYSSON Where in the World Is the HARRISON Surname Found? According to  WorldNames public profiler, the Harrison surname is found in greatest numbers (as a percentage of population) in the United Kingdom, especially in the northern England regions of East and West Midlands, Yorkshire and Humberside, North and Northwest. It is also a very popular surname in Australia and New Zealand, followed by the United States and Ireland. Famous People With the Surname HARRISON Benjamin Harrison - 23rd U.S. PresidentWilliam Henry Harrison - 9th U.S. PresidentGeorge Harrison - musician; member of The BeatlesChris Harrison - television actor; the host of The Bachelor and The Bachelorette Genealogy Resources for the Surname HARRISON 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? The HARRISON Genealogy RepositoryFind records, family trees and more for a number of different HARRISON families, most in the United States and England. Bill Harrisons Genealogy SiteExplore Bills extensive research on his Harrison family from Staffordshire, England. The Harrison DNA ProjectOver 100 Harrison participants have joined together to use DNA as a tool to help sort out Harrison families worldwide. Harrison Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Harris surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Harris query. There is also a separate forum for the HARRIS surname. FamilySearch - HARRISON GenealogyExplore over 15 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Harrison surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HARRISON Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Harrison surname. DistantCousin.com - HARRISON Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Harrison. The Harrison Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Harrison surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. https://www.thoughtco.com/surname-meanings-and-origins-s2-1422408